A water-soluble polymer was incorporated into a monolayer forming composition before application on the water surface. A different monolayer film, a duolayer, is demonstrated with changes in fundamental properties and formation mechanism.

A series of extremely bulky amido and amidinato ligands have been synthesised and used in the preparation of boron(iii) and aluminium(iii) halide complexes. Efforts to reduce these complexes to monomeric group 13 element(i) species are described.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been widely applied to the analysis of biological samples and has greatly advanced our understanding of cellular and physiological processes. These approaches allow accurate protein identification and characterisation, analysis of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and provide quantitative information as well as a basis for protein–protein interaction (PPI) investigations.

Outer sphere electron transfer rate constant between surfactant complex, cis-[Co(en)₂(4CNP)(DA)](ClO₄)₃ with Fe(CN)₆ ^4– increases with concentration of complex in its own self-micelles. Being a structure breaker β-cyclodextrin has decreased the rate. In liposome vesicles the rate constant is different at below and above phase transition temperature.

The combined use of hydrogels and nanoparticles in a single entity has gained enormous interests in areas such as catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, biosensors, biomedical therapy, and drug delivery. In this review, recent literature describing these technologies is summarized and an outlook on the promising future of this emerging field is provided.

The cyclo-phosphanes (t-BuP)_n (n = 3, 4) were used in the syntheses of cyclo-phosphanylphosphonium ions by introducing Ph₂P⁺ or chloronium. The dependency of such reactions on the presence of GaCl₃ or Me₃SiOTf as a chloride abstracting agent is discussed. In addition, a Me₃SiOTf-mediated ring expansion reaction of (t-BuP)₃ to (t-BuP)₄ is unveiled.

Cetrimonium nalidixate salt, when incorporated into a polyurethane coating, leads to complete inhibition of microbiologically influenced corrosion in the presence of several bacteria strains commonly found in marine environments.

An unprecedented domino alkylation-cyclization-air-oxidation of 2-halo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 2-aminophenols promoted by caesium salts under aerobic conditions for the synthesis of novel alkyl 3-substituted-2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylates was developed.

A general and efficient protocol has been developed to synthesise a series of novel porphyrin dimers with versatile aryl linkers via a simultaneous condensation-cyclisation-oxidation reaction of diverse bis(dipyrromethanes) with dipyrromethane-dicarbinol catalysed by indium(iii) chloride at room temperature in an efficient CH₂Cl₂ and CH₃CN mixed-solvent. The reaction yields increased to 21–26 % based on LCMS and isolated yields were 13–19 % due to the use of the proper mixed-solvent.

Unsymmetrical thiourea ligands coordinate in a bidentate manner through the thiourea sulfur atom and a deprotonated thiourea nitrogen atom to Co^III to produce linkage isomers. These isomers have been characterised using NMR and visible spectroscopies.

Thermotropic side chain liquid crystalline polymers are considered as important materials because of their ability to form films, fibres, and sheets and their tendency to respond to external stimuli. A keen discussion about structure–property relationships, mesophase characteristics, and the thermal properties of a series of synthesised polymers is provided.

A series of novel 2-aryl-5-((1-aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesised using a multicomponent approach utilising the catalytic activity of Cu^I. These novel products are further evaluated for antimicrobial activity and show moderate results.

A bioinspired core-bound polymeric micellar system based on hydrogen bonding and photo-crosslinking of thymine has been prepared. The chemical loading and controlled release potential of these micelles were investigated using 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine. The results demonstrate that the drug release rates are affected by the hydrogen bonding in the core and can be controlled by changing the size and extent of photo-crosslinkage of the core.

As a new 3D unit, two transition-metal complex (TMC) cations [Cu₂(2,2′-bim)₃]_0.5²⁺ and [Cu₈(pz)₁₁]_0.5⁴⁺ are introduced to [P₂W₁₈O₆₂]^6–, leading to assembly of the first Wells-Dawson type framework linked by TMC subunits, with cage-like and pillar bolt-type cations.

Squaric acid (H₂SQ) forms a complex with 2-(quinuclidinium)propionate (QNPr). The molecules of H₂SQ and zwitterions of QNPr are bridged by two strong non-equivalent O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds of 2.476(2) and 2.482(1) Å. The complex is investigated by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and NMR techniques, and the results are supported by DFT calculations.

A series of perylene tetra sec-alkyl ester compounds were newly synthesised and exhibited a columnar phase at room temperature. PS8 could perpendicularly orient to the applied electric field. Well organised face-on alignment was achieved on indium tin oxide-covered glass by thermal annealing.

The molecular dynamics of polythiophene were computed with a new algorithm including the quantized nature of vibrations. The algorithm reproduces the quantum energies of vibrational modes (black line and blue dots), lost in standard MD (red line, blue triangles). Nuclear dynamics have a significant effect on donor energetics and the performance of organic solar cells.

Poly(aniline-co-N-methylaniline) and poly(aniline-co-N-ethylaniline) coated pencil graphite electrodes have been electrochemically characterised by different methods and their specific capacitance values have been determined. They can be used as electrode active material for low voltage supercapacitor applications.

The kinetics of phenol oxidation with chlorine dioxide were analysed; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol exhibits a lower oxidation rate than the other phenols in agreement with the Hammett plot. The reaction is second order with respect to phenol and first order with respect to ClO₂. A mechanism is proposed and is supported by DFT computations. The activation barriers predicted the observed reaction trend.

Reaction of Sn(OTf)₂ (OTf^– = OSO₂CF₃^–) with one and two equivalents of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) yielded the complexes [Sn(IPr)(OTf)₂] (1) and [Sn(IPr)(aIPr)(OTf)][OTf] (2), respectively. Both compounds display an NHC ligand bonded to tin(ii) via the C2 carbon in a ‘classical’ mode, while 2 also contains an ‘abnormal’ C4/C5-bonded carbene.

Octahedral thallium(iii) complexes of [Tl(L)Cl₃(DMSO)] (where L is a bipyridine derivative) exhibit enhanced fluorescence intensity in comparison with the related unbound bipyridine ligands, where a Tl complex with 4,4′-ditert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine illustrates an extremely intense emission. The observation of ^203,205Tl–¹H spin–spin coupling in the ¹H NMR spectrum confirms the stability of the titled complexes in DMSO.

Sonogashira reaction of bromochromones and -flavones with various terminal alkynes gave the desired alkynylated products. Chromones and flavones with ethynyl functionality were prepared by removal of the trimethylsilyl protecting group.

The competing reactions and the supramolecular interaction mechanisms between gliclazide (GLZ) and palmatine as they fight for occupancy of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) cavity were studied using spectrofluorimetry, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and molecular modelling calculations. Based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity, a fluorescent probe method of high sensitivity was developed to determine GLZ in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and in human plasma with good precision and accuracy.

Gold nanoparticles modified with small molecules to which antibodies have been raised are shown to be able to facilitate selective binding of antibodies to these surfaces. In this case, the small molecule demonstrated is bisphenol A. This work has implications for using small-molecule-modified nanoparticles in a host of new immunoassays and immunosensors as well as highlighting their potential as substitutes for protein–hapten conjugates.

We report an enantioselective Henry (nitroaldol) reaction catalysed by an organocatalyst using water as solvent. The enantioselective synthesis of β-nitroalcohols was achieved by using neutral chiral organocatalyst through strong hydrogen bonding which results in the formation of corresponding products in excellent yield and enantioselectivity at room temperature.

1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-2-one derivatives as anticancer agents were synthesised by bioisosteric replacement of the imidazole ring of L-778123 (an anticancer agent) and evaluated against cancer cell lines. The 1-amidinourea derivative showed better cytotoxic activity.

A new two-stage Grignard synthesis offers a practical preparative scale alternative to the current approach to generate tetraalkylisoindolines.

The interaction between cationic 1-(3-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(4-ferrocenylphenyl)selenourea (P3F) and the anionic phosphate backbone of DNA causes a variation of peak current and peak potential in cyclic voltammetry. The variation in peak current provided a DNA binding constant of 4.702 × 10⁴ M^–1 and a negative shift in the peak potential is indicative of an electrostatic interaction.

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of some novel substituted benzo[b][1]benzazepin-5-ones and benzo[b][1]benzazepines via intramolecular Friedel–Crafts cyclialkylations and cycliacylations of suitable synthesized carboxylic acids and tertiary alcohols catalyzed by Brönsted and Lewis acid catalysts is presented.

Complexes containing mono-, di-, and mixed mono-/di-valent metal centres supported by [hpp]^– are reported, including heterobimetallic mixed lithium–magnesium and lithium–zinc heterometallic examples (hppH = 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine).