Dual-purpose use of winter wheat in western China: cutting time and nitrogen application effects on phenology, forage production, and grain yield

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Contents Vol 63(6)

doi:10.1071/CP12101

Plant Sciences, Sustainable Farming Systems & Food Quality

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Protocols in ecological and environmental plant physiology

Dual-purpose use of winter wheat in western China: cutting time and nitrogen application effects on phenology, forage production, and grain yield

L. H. Tian ^A ^B, L. W. Bell ^C, Y. Y. Shen ^A ^B ^D and J. P. M. Whish ^C

^A The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou 730020, China.
^B College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
^C CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences/APSRU, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
^D Corresponding author. Email: yy.shen@lzu.edu.cn

Crop and Pasture Science 63(6) 520-528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CP12101
Submitted: 20 March 2012 Accepted: 20 July 2012 Published: 18 September 2012





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Abstract

Conventional rainfed mixed crop–livestock systems of western China lack high-quality forage and restrict livestock production. This study explored the forage potential from wheat and its effects on subsequent grain yield. Different cutting times were imposed on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Qingyang, Gansu Province, in two growing seasons, and the effect of nitrogen (N) topdressing rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N/ha) on grain yield recovery was explored. Results showed the potential to produce 0.8–1.6 t DM/ha of wheat forage with high nutritive value when cut before stem elongation (GS 30). In the wetter year, cutting before stem elongation did not delay crop development significantly (<3 days at anthesis and 5 days at maturity), but grain yields were reduced by 17–28% compared with the uncut crop (5.8 t DM/ha), mainly due to reductions in number of spikes per m² and, consequently, number of grains per m². In both seasons, more forage biomass was available if crops were cut later than GS 32, but this came with large reductions (>62%) in grain yield and delays in crop development (>9 days or 131 degree-days). Crops cut later than GS 30 had greatly reduced harvest index, tillers per m², and total N uptake but higher grain protein content. There was no significant effect of N topdressing rate on grain yield, although provided the crop was cut before GS 30, higher rates of N increased maturity biomass and crop N uptake by replacing N removed in cut biomass. This study showed that physiological delay of wheat due to cutting was not significant. The forage harvested from winter wheat before stem elongation could be a valuable feed resource to fill the feed gap in western China.

Additional keywords: defoliation, kernels, phenology, nitrogen.

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