References
Andrews M, Scholefield D, Abberton MT, McKenzie BA, Hodge S, Raven JA (2007
)
Use of white clover as an alternative to nitrogen fertiliser for dairy pastures in nitrate vulnerable zones in the UK: productivity, environmental impact and economic considerations.
Annals of Applied Biology
151, 11–23.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Baird KJ (1955
)
Clover root-nodule bacteria in the New England region on NSW.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
6, 15–26.
|
CrossRef |
Ballard RA, Shepherd BR, Charman N (2003
)
Nodulation and growth of pasture legumes with naturalised soil rhizobia. 3. Lucerne (
Medicago sativa L.).
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
43, 135–140.
|
CrossRef |
Boote K, Hoogenboom G, Jones J, Ingram K (2008) Modeling nitrogen fixation and its relationship to nitrogen uptake in the CROPGRO model. In ‘Quantifying and understanding plant nitrogen uptake for systems modeling’. (Eds L Ma, L Ahuja, V Bruulsema) pp. 13–46. (CRC Press: Florence, SC)
Bordeleau L, Prévost D (1994
)
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in extreme environments.
Plant and Soil
161, 115–125.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Bouchart V, Macduff JH, Ourry A, Svenning MM, Gay AP, Simon JC, Boucaud J (1998
)
Seasonal pattern of accumulation and effects of low temperatures on storage compounds in
Trifolium repens.
Physiologia Plantarum
104, 65–74.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Bowman A, Hebb D, Munnich D, Brockwell J (1998
)
Rhizobium as a factor in the re-establishment of legume-based pastures on clay soils of the wheat belt of north-western New South Wales.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
38, 555–566.
|
CrossRef |
Brisson N, Launay M, Mary B, Beaudoin N (2009) Nitrogen transformations. In ‘Conceptual basis, formalisations and parameterization of the STICS crop model’. (Eds N Brisson, M Launay, B Mary, N Beaudoin) pp. 141–165. (Quæ: Versailles Cedex)
Brockwell J, Gibson A (1968
)
Root-nodule bacteria for some cultivated spceis of
Trifolium.
Joural of The Australian Institute of Agricultural Science
34, 224–227.
Brockwell J, Bryant WG, Gault RR (1972
)
Ecological studies of root-nodule bacteria introduced into field environments. 3. Persistence of
Rhizobium trifolii in association with white clover at high elevations.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
12, 407–413.
|
CrossRef |
Brockwell J, Gault R, Peoples M, Turner G, Lilley D, Bergersen F (1995
)
N
2 fixation in irrigated lucerne grown for hay.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
27, 589–594.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Cabelguenne M, Debaeke P, Bouniols A (1999
)
EPICphase, a version of the EPIC model simulating the effects of water and nitrogen stress on biomass and yield, taking account of developmental stages: validation on maize, sunflower, sorghum, soybean and winter wheat.
Agricultural Systems
60, 175–196.
|
CrossRef |
Carlsson G, Huss-Danell K (2003
)
Nitrogen fixation in perennial forage legumes in the field.
Plant and Soil
253, 353–372.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Chapman D, Parsons A, Cosgrove G, Barker D, Marotti D, Venning K, Rutter S, Hill J, Thompson A (2007
)
Impacts of spatial patterns in pasture on animal grazing behaviour, intake and performance.
Crop Science
47, 399–415.
|
CrossRef |
Cuttle S, Shepherd M, Goodlass G (2003) ‘A review of leguminous fertility-building crops, with particular refence to nitrogen fixation and utilisation.’ (Institute of Grassland & Environmental Research: Aberystwyth)
Dart PJ, Day JM (1971
)
Effects of incubation temperature and oxygen tension on nitrogenase activity of legume root nodules.
Plant & Soil
35, 167–184.
|
CrossRef |
Davey AG, Simpson RJ (1990
)
Nitrogen fixation by subterranean clover at varying stages of nodule dehydration I. Carbohydrate status and short-term recovery of nodulated root respiration.
Journal of Experimental Botany
41, 1175–1187.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
de Klein C, Pinares-Patino C, Waghorn G (2008) Greenhouse gas emissions. In ‘Environmental impacts of pasture-based farming’. (Ed. R McDowell) pp. 1–33. (CAB International: Wallingford, UK)
Doyle P, Stockdale C, Lawson A, Choenm D (2000) ‘Pastures for dairy production in Victoria.’ (Department of Natural Resources and Environment: Tatura, Vic.)
Dudman WF, Brockwell J (1968
)
Ecological studies of root-nodule bacteria introduced into field environments. I. A survey of field performance of clover inoculants by gel immune diffusion serology.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
19, 739–747.
|
CrossRef |
Dunbabin JS, Hume IH, Ireson ME (1997
)
Effects of irrigation frequency and transient waterlogging on the production of a perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
37, 165–171.
|
CrossRef |
Eckard R (1998) ‘A critical review of research on the nitrogen nutrition of dairy pastures in Victoria.’ (The University of Melbourne and Agriculture Victoria: Ellinbank)
Eckard R (2001) ‘Best management practices for nitrogen in intensive pasture production systems.’ (University of Melbourne: Melbourne)
Eckard R, Chapman D, White R, Smith A, Chen D, Durling P (2001
a) Nitrogen balances in high rainfall, temperate dairy pastures of south eastern Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the XIX International Grasslands Congress’. São Pedro, Brazil. (Eds JA Gomide, WRS Mattos, SC Da Silva) pp. 169–170. (Fundacao Estudos Agrarios Luiz Queiroz (FEALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil)
Eckard R, McKenzie F, Lane P (2001
b) The ‘Pendulum Paradigm’ – trends in nitrogen fertiliser use on temperate grass/clover pastures. In ‘Proceedings of the XVIII International Grasslands Congress’. Manitoba, Canada. (Eds JG Buchanan-Smith, LD Bailey, P McCaughey) pp. 30–33. (Extension Service, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food: Saskatchewan, Canada)
Eckard RJ, Chapman DF, White RE (2007
)
Nitrogen balances in temperate perennial grass and clover dairy pastures in south-eastern Australia.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
58, 1167–1173.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Engin M, Sprent J (1973
)
Effects of water stress on growth and nitrogen-fixing activity of
Trifolium repens.
New Phytologist
72, 117–126.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Garg N, Geetanjali
(2007
)
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules: process and signaling. A review.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
27, 59–68.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Gault RR, Peoples MB, Turner GL, Lilley D, Brockwell J, Bergersen FJ (1995
)
Nitrogen fixation by irrigated lucerne during the first three years after establishment.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
46, 1401–1425.
|
CrossRef |
Gerard PJ (2001
)
Dependence of
Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on abundance of white clover Rhizobium nodules.
Bulletin of Entomological Research
91, 149–152.
Gibson AH, Curnow B, Bergersen FJ, Brockwell J, Robinson C (1975
)
Studies of field populations of
Rhizobium: effectiveness of strains of
Rhizobium trifolii associated with
Trifolium subterraneum L. pastures in southeastern Australia.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
7, 95–102.
|
CrossRef |
Gourley C, Powell J, Dougherty W, Weaver D (2007
)
Nutrient budgeting as an approach to improve nutrient management on Australian dairy farms.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
47, 1064–1074.
|
CrossRef |
Gourley C, Dougherty W, Aarons S, Hannah S (2010) ‘Accounting for nutrients on Australian dairy farms.’ (DPI Victoria: Melbourne)
Graham M (2008) Biophysical modelling and performance measurement. In ‘AARES 52nd Annual Conference’. Canberra. p. 25. (Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society: Canberra)
Harris S, Clark D, Auldist M, Waugh C, Laboyre P (1997
)
Optimum white clover content for dairy pastures.
Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association
59, 29–33.
Hatch DJ, Macduff JH (1991
)
Concurrent rates of N
2 fixation, nitrate and ammonium uptake by white clover in response to growth at different root temperatures.
Annals of Botany
67, 265–274.
Haynes RJ, Williams PH (1993
)
Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem.
Advances in Agronomy
49, 119–199.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Hill MJ, Donald GE (1998) ‘Australian Temperate Pastures Database.’ (CD-ROM) (CSIRO: Canberra)
Høgh-Jensen H, Loges R, Jørgensen FV, Vinther FP, Jensen ES (2004
)
An empirical model for quantification of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in grass-clover mixtures.
Agricultural Systems
82, 181–194.
|
CrossRef |
Howieson J, Ballard R (2004
)
Optimising the legume symbiosis in stressful and competitive environments within southern Australia – some contemporary thoughts.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
36, 1261–1273.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Howieson JG, Ewing MA, Thorn CW, Revell CK (1991) Increased yield in annual species of Medicago grown in acidic soil in response to inoculation with acid tolerant
Rhizobium meliloti. In ‘Plant–soil interactions at low pH’. (Ed. RJ Wright) pp. 589–595. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Jarvis S (1993
)
Nitrogen cycling and losses from dairy farms.
Soil Use and Management
9, 99–104.
|
CrossRef |
Jarvis SC, Scholefield D, Pain B (1995) Nitrogen cycling in grazing systems. In ‘Nitrogen fertilization and the environment’. (Ed. PE Bacon) pp. 381–419. (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York)
Johnson I (2005) ‘Simulation models in agriculture and plant science.’ (IMJ Consultants Pty Ltd: Melbourne) Available at:
www.imj.com.au/consultancy/wfsat/wfsat.html
Johnson IR, Lodge GM, White RE (2003
)
The Sustainable Grazing Systems Pasture Model: description, philosophy and application to the SGS National Experiment.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
43, 711–728.
|
CrossRef |
Johnson I, Chapman D, Snow V, Eckard R, Parsons A, Lambert M, Cullen B (2008
)
DairyMod and EcoMod: biophysical pastoral simulation models for Australia and New Zealand.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
48, 621–631.
|
CrossRef |
Jørgensen FV, Ledgard SF (1997
)
Contribution from stolons and roots to estimates of the total amount of N
2 fixed by white clover (
Trifolium repens L.).
Annals of Botany
80, 641–648.
|
CrossRef |
Kelly B, O’Brien G (1992
)
Management of legumes for high herbage production.
Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production
19, 343–345.
Kelly K, Mason W, Simpson R (1989) Effects of irrigation on the productivity of white clover, red clover and lucerne in northern Victoria. In ‘5th Australian Agronomy Conference’. Perth, W. Aust. (Ed. MW Perry) p. 601. (Australian Society of Agronomy: Perth)
Kelly KB, Stockdale CR, Mason WK (2005
)
Effects of initial sowing rate and subsequent grazing management on the growth and clover content of irrigated white clover–perennial ryegrass swards in northern Victoria.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
45, 1595–1602.
|
CrossRef |
Khan DF, Peoples M, Schwenke G, Felton WL, Chen D, Herridge DF (2003
)
Effects of below-ground nitrogen on N balances of field-grown fababean, chickpea and barley.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
54, 333–340.
|
CrossRef |
Kleinman P, Soder K (2008) Impact of hybrid dairy systems on air, soil and water quality: focus on nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. In ‘Environmental impacts of pasture-based farming’. (Ed. R McDowell) pp. 248–276. (CAB International: Wallingford, UK)
Ledgard SF (2001
)
Nitrogen cycling in low input legume-based agriculture, with emphasis on legume/grass pastures.
Plant and Soil
228, 43–59.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Ledgard SF, Steele KW (1992
)
Biological nitrogen fixation in legume/grass pastures.
Plant and Soil
141, 137–153.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Ledgard SF, Brier GJ, Upsdell MP (1990
)
Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing.
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
33, 243–249.
Ledgard SF, Sprosen MS, Steele KW (1996
)
Nitrogen fixation by nine white clover cultivars in grazed pasture, as affected by nitrogen fertilization.
Plant and Soil
178, 193–203.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Ledgard SF, Penno JW, Sprosen MS (1999
)
Nitrogen inputs and losses from clover/grass pastures grazed by dairy cows, as affected by nitrogen fertilizer application.
The Journal of Agricultural Science
132, 215–225.
|
CrossRef |
Ledgard SF, Sprosen MS, Penno JW, Rajendram GS (2001
)
Nitrogen fixation by white clover in pastures grazed by dairy cows: temporal variation and effects of nitrogen fertilization.
Plant and Soil
229, 177–187.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Ledgard S, Schils R, Eriksen J, Luo J (2009
)
Environmental impacts of grazed clover/grass pastures.
Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research
48, 209–226.
Ledgard S, Boyes M, Brentrup F (2011) ‘Life cycle assessment of local and imported fertilisers used on New Zealand farms.’ (Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre: Palmerston North)
Lemerle C, Stockdale C, Moate P, Rogers G (1992
)
Use of supplements with legumes.
Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production
19, 347–349.
Liu Y, Wu L, Baddeley JA, Watson CA (2010
)
Models of biological nitrogen fixation of legumes. A review.
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
2, 883–905.
Mason W, Kelly K, Blaikie S, Stockdale R (1987) New directions for irrigated pastures. In ‘Proceedings of the 4th Australian Agronomy Conference: Responding to Change’. (Ed. TG Reeves) pp. 100–117. (Australian Society of Agronomy: Melbourne)
McKenzie FR, Jacobs JL, Riffkin P, Kearney G (1998
)
Influence of single applications of nitrogen on white clover nitrogen fixation in autumn and winter dairy pastures in south-west Victoria, Australia.
African Journal of Range & Forage Science
15, 1–6.
|
CrossRef |
McKeon G, Rickert K, Ash A, Cooksley D, Scattini W (1982
)
Pasture production model.
Proceedings of the Australian Society for Animal Production
14, 201–204.
McLeish LJ, Berg GN, Hinch JM, Nambiar LV, Norton MR (1997
)
Plant parasitic nematodes in white clover and soil from white clover pastures in Australia.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
37, 75–82.
|
CrossRef |
McNeill AM, Zhu C, Fillery I (1997
)
Use of
in situ
15N-labelling to estimate the total below-ground nitrogen of pasture legumes in intact plant-soil systems.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
48, 295–304.
|
CrossRef |
Menneer J, Ledgard S, McLay C, Silvester W (2001
)
What impact does dairy cow pugging have on clover N
2 fixation and long-term farm production?
Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association
63, 63–67.
Menneer JC, Ledgard S, McLay C, Silvester W (2004) The impact of grazing animals on N
2 fixation in legume-based pastures and management options for improvement. In ‘Advances in agronomy’. pp. 181–241. (Academic Press: New York)
Moore AD, Donnelly JR, Freer M (1997
)
GRAZPLAN: decision support systems for Australian grazing enterprises. III. Pasture growth and soil moisture submodels, and the GrassGro DSS.
Agricultural Systems
55, 535–582.
|
CrossRef |
Mundy G (1987) The nitrogen nutrition of irrigated perennial pasture during spring. In ‘Nitrogen cycling in temperate agricultural systems’. (Eds P Bacon, J Evans, R Storrier, A Taylor) pp. 185–190. (Australian Society of Soil Science: Griffiths, NSW)
Mundy GN, Jones HR, Mason WK (1988
)
Nitrogen fixation activity by white clover pastures during flood irrigation cycles.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
39, 409–414.
Munn KJ, Evans J, Chalk PM, Morris SG, Whatmuff M (1997
)
Symbiotic effectiveness of
Rhizobium trifolii and mineralisation of legume nitrogen in response to past amendment of a soil with sewage sludge.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
11, 23–37.
|
CrossRef |
Munns DN (1965
a)
Interactions of lime with nitrogen and phosphate on growth of
Medicago sativa and
Trifolium subterraneum.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
16, 733–742.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Munns DN (1965
b)
Soil acidity and growth of a legume I. Interactions of lime with nitrogen and phosphate on growth of
Medicago sativa L. and
Trifolium subterraneum L.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
16, 733–741.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Nash D, Barlow K (2008) Impacts of irrigated dairying on the environment. In ‘Environmental impacts of pasture-based farming’. (Ed. R McDowell) pp. 232–248. (CAB International: Wallingford, UK)
Neal JS, Fulkerson WJ, Lawrie R, Barchia I (2009
)
Difference in yield and persistence among perennial forages used by the dairy industry under optimum and deficit irrigation.
Crop & Pasture Science
60, 1071–1087.
|
CrossRef |
Ostrowski H (1972
)
White clover (
Trifolium repens) in sub-tropical Australia – a review.
Tropical Grasslands
6, 97–106.
Pakrou N, Dillon P (2000
)
Key processes of the nitrogen cycle in an irrigated and a non-irrigated grazed pasture.
Plant and Soil
224, 231–250.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Parsons AJ, Orr RJ, Penning PD, Lockyer DR, Ryden JC (1991
)
Uptake, cycling and fate of nitrogen in grass-clover swards continuously grazed by sheep.
Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge
116, 47–61.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Pate JS, Unkovich MJ (1999) Measuring symbiotic nitrogen fixation – case studies of natural and agricultural ecosystems in a Western Australian setting. In ‘Advances in physiological plant ecology’. (Eds MC Press, JD Scholes, MG Barker). (Blackwell Scientific: Oxford, UK)
Paton D (1957
)
Rhizobium strain trials on clovers in Tasmania 1955/56.
Rhizobium Newsletter
2, 19–20.
Pearson CJ, Brown R, Collins WJ, Archer KA, Wood MS, Petersen C, Bootle B (1997
)
An Australian temperate pastures database.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
48, 453–465.
|
CrossRef |
Peoples M, Baldock J (2001
)
Nitrogen dynamics of pastures: nitrogen fixation inputs, the impact of legumes on soil nitrogen to Australian farming systems.
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
41, 327–346.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Peoples MB, Ladha JK, Herridge DF (1995
)
Enhancing legume N
2 fixation through plant and soil management.
Plant and Soil
174, 83–101.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Peoples MB, Gault RR, Scammell GJ, Dear BS, Virgona J, Sandral G, Paul J, Wolfe EC, Angus JF (1998
)
Effect of pasture management on the contributions of fixed N to the N economy of ley-farming systems.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
49, 459–474.
|
CrossRef |
Peoples MB, Bowman A, Gault R, Herridge D, McCallum M, McCormick K, Norton R, Rochester I, Scammell G, Schwenke G (2001
)
Factors regulating the contributions of fixed nitrogen by pasture and crop legumes to different farming systems of eastern Australia.
Plant and Soil
228, 29–41.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Peoples M, Unkovich M, Herridge D (2009) Measuring symbiotic nitrogen fixation by legumes. In ‘Nitrogen fixation in crop production’. (Eds D Emerich, H Krishnan) pp. 125–170. (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Pulsford D, Bullard G (1997
)
Genetic resources research – a perspective from the root-nodule bacteria industry.
Tropical Grasslands
31, 300–303.
Richardson AE, Simpson RJ (1989
)
Acid-tolerance and symbiotic effectiveness of
Rhizobium trifolii associated with a
Trifolium subterraneum L.-based pasture growing in an acid soil.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
21, 87–96.
|
CrossRef |
Ridley AM, Mele PM, Beverly CR (2004
)
Legume-based farming in Southern Australia: developing sustainable systems to meet environmental challenges.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
36, 1213–1221.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Riffkin P, Quigley P, Cameron F (1997) ‘Improving the white clover feedbase by optimising nitrogen fixation.’ (Dairy Research & Development Corporation: Melbourne)
Riffkin P, Cameron F, Kearney G, Quigley P, Gault R, Peoples M, Thies J (1999
a)
Factors associated with biological nitrogen fixation in dairy pastures in south-western Victoria.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
50, 261–272.
|
CrossRef |
Riffkin P, Quigley P, Cameron F, Peoples M, Thies J (1999
b)
Annual nitrogen fixation in grazed dairy pastures in south-western Victoria.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
50, 273–281.
|
CrossRef |
Robertson M, Carberry P, Huth N, Turpin J, Probert M, Poulton P, Bell M, Wright G, Yeates S, Brinsmead R (2002
)
Simulation of growth and development of diverse legume species in APSIM.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
53, 429–446.
|
CrossRef |
Rochette P, Janzen H (2005
)
Towards a revised coefficient for estimating N
2O emissions from legumes.
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
73, 171–179.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Russelle M (2008) Biological dinitrogen fixation in agriculture. In ‘Nitrogen in agricultural systems’. (Eds JS Schepers, W Raun) pp. 281–360. (ASA, CSSA, SSSA: Madison, WI)
Ryle GJA, Powell CE, Timbrell MK, Gordon AJ (1989
)
Effect of temperature on nitrogenase activity in white clover.
Journal of Experimental Botany
40, 733–739.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Sanford P, Pate JS, Unkovich MJ, Thompson AN (1995
)
Nitrogen fixation in grazed and ungrazed subterranean clover pasture in south-west Australia assessed by the
15N natural abundance technique.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
46, 1427–1443.
|
CrossRef |
Schulze J (2004
)
How are nitrogen fixation rates regulated in legumes?
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
167, 125–137.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Schwinning S, Parsons AJ (1996
)
Analysis of the coexistence mechanisms for grasses and legumes in grazing systems.
Journal of Ecology
84, 799–813.
|
CrossRef |
Sinclair T (1986
)
Water and nitrogen limitations in soybean grain production I. Model development.
Field Crops Research
15, 125–141.
|
CrossRef |
Sinclair TR, Seligman NG (1996
)
Crop modeling: from infancy to maturity.
Agronomy Journal
88, 698–704.
|
CrossRef |
Smith CJ, Chalk PM, Noble CL, Prendergast JB, Robertson F (1993
)
Nitrogen fixation in a white clover-grass pasture irrigated with saline groundwater.
Irrigation Science
13, 189–194.
|
CrossRef |
Soussana JF, Minchin FR, Macduff JH, Raistrick N, Abberton MT, Michaelson-Yeates TPT (2002
)
A simple model of feedback regulation for nitrate uptake and N
2 fixation in contrasting phenotypes of white clover.
Annals of Botany
90, 139–147.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Sprent J (1971
)
Effects of water stress on nitrogen fixation in root nodules.
Plant and Soil
35, 225–228.
|
CrossRef |
Sprent J, Gallacher A (1976
)
Anaerobisis in soybean root nodules under water stress.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
8, 317–320.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Streeter J (1988
)
Inhibition of legume nodule formation and N
2 fixation by nitrate.
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
7, 1–23.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Svenning MM, MacDuff JH (1996
)
Low root temperature retardation of the mineral nitrogen induced decline in N
2 fixation by a northern ecotype of white clover.
Annals of Botany
77, 615–621.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Thornley JHM (2001
)
Simulating grass-legume dynamics: a phenomenological submodel.
Annals of Botany
88, 905–913.
|
CrossRef |
Unkovich MJ, Pate JS (1998
)
Symbiotic effectiveness and tolerance to early season nitrate availability in indigenous populations of subterranean clover rhizobia from SW Australian pastures.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
30, 1435–1443.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Unkovich MJ, Sanford P, Pate JS (1996
)
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation by subterranean clover in acid soils as influenced by lime application, toxic aluminium, soil mineral N, and competition from annual ryegrass.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
28, 639–648.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Unkovich MJ, Pate JS, Sanford P (1997
)
Nitrogen fixation by annual legumes in Australian Mediterranean agriculture.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
48, 267–293.
|
CrossRef |
Unkovich MJ, Sanford P, Pate JS, Hyder M (1998
)
Effects of grazing on plant and soil nitrogen relations of pasture-crop rotations.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
49, 475–485.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Unkovich M, Herridge DF, Peoples MB, Boddey RM, Cadisch G, Giller K, Alves B, Chalk PM (2008) ‘Measuring plant-associated nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems.’ ACIAR Monograph No.136. (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra)
Unkovich M, Baldock J, Peoples M (2010
)
Prospects and problems of simple linear models for estimating symbiotic N
2 fixation by crop and pasture legumes.
Plant and Soil
329, 75–89.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Ward G, Quigley P (1992) The botanical composition of high-rainfall pastures in south-west Victoria. In ‘Looking back: planning ahead. Proceedings of the 6th Australian Agronomy Conference’. (Eds K Hutchinson, P Vickery) p. 530. (Australian Society of Agronomy: Armidale)
Waters L (1957
)
Rhizobium strain trials at Lismore 1956.
Rhizobium Newsletter
2, 19–20.
Watkin ELJ, O’Hara GW, Howieson JG, Glenn AR (2000
)
Identification of tolerance to soil acidity in inoculant strains of
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
32, 1393–1403.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Whitehead DC (1995) ‘Grassland nitrogen.’ (CAB International: Wallingford, UK)
Wichern F, Eberhardt E, Mayer J, Joergensen RG, Müller T (2008
)
Nitrogen rhizodeposition in agricultural crops: methods, estimates and future prospects.
Soil Biology & Biochemistry
40, 30–48.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Woodfield D, Clark D (2009
)
Do forage legumes have a role in modern dairy farming systems?
Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research
48, 137–147.
Wu L, McGechan MB (1999
)
Simulation of nitrogen uptake, fixation and leaching in a grass/white clover mixture.
Grass and Forage Science
54, 30–41.
|
CrossRef |
Yang H, Unkovich MJ, McNeill AM, Wang X (2011
)
Symbiotic N
2 fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (
Medicago sativa) systems.
Biology and Fertility of Soils
47, 377–385.
|
CrossRef |
Yeates GW, Stirling GR (2008
)
Regional patterns among soil nematode assemblages in Australasian pastures and effects of management practices.
Australasian Plant Pathology
37, 298–307.
|
CrossRef |