Sperm capacitation combined with removal of the sperm acrosome and plasma membrane enhances paternal nucleus remodelling and early development of bovine androgenetic embryos

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doi:10.1071/RD12075

Vertebrate Reproductive Science & Technology

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Sperm capacitation combined with removal of the sperm acrosome and plasma membrane enhances paternal nucleus remodelling and early development of bovine androgenetic embryos

Yao Xiao ^A ^B , Hualin Zhang ^A , Sibtain Ahmad ^A ^C , Liya Bai ^A , Xiaomin Wang ^A , Lijun Huo ^A , Xin Zhang ^A , Wengong Li ^A , Xiang Li ^A and Liguo Yang ^A ^D

^A Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
^B Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
^C Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
^D Corresponding author. Email: yangliguo2006@yahoo.com.cn

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25(4) 624-638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RD12075
Submitted: 11 March 2012 Accepted: 17 May 2012 Published: 17 July 2012





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Abstract

The androgenetic embryo is a useful model for functional analysis of the paternal genome during embryogenesis. However, few studies have focused on the factors involved in the suppressed developmental competence of such embryos or why sperm cloning-derived androgenetic embryos fail to develop beyond the morula stage in large domestic animals. To overcome this developmental failure, we tried to improve sperm decondensation, as well as to enhance embryonic development by sperm capacitation and removal of the acrosome and plasma membrane before injection of the spermatozoa. Before injection of the spermatozoa, we quantified the effects of sperm capacitation combined with sperm pretreatment on the acrosome and plasma membrane status. We also evaluated sperm decondensation potential, sperm viability and chromatin integrity. Immunostaining data showed that the sperm acrosome and plasma membrane could be more efficiently removed after capacitation. Dithiothreitol-induced sperm decondensation potential was improved with capacitation and removal of the acrosome and plasma membrane. Although most spermatozoa lost viability after pretreatment, their chromatin remained integrated. The patterns of paternal chromatin remodelling within uncleaved androgenetic embryos and the nucleus morphology of cleaved embryos indicated that capacitation combined with membrane disruption could make injected spermatozoa decondense synchronously not only with each other, but also with the developmental pace of the ooplasm. We successfully produced androgenetic blastocysts, and efficiency increased with sperm pretreatment. In conclusion, sperm decondensation and the early development of androgenetic embryos were enhanced with sperm capacitation and removal of the acrosome and plasma membrane prior to sperm injection.

Additional keywords: mammals, sperm decondensation, sperm pretreatment, uniparental development.

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