Multi-site evaluation on acid soils of a Phalaris aquatica × P. arundinacea × P. aquatica backcross population bred for acid soil tolerance
R. A. Culvenor A D , J. T. Wood B , A. L. Avery C , W. Dempsey C , S. E. McDonald A , G. Ronnfeldt C and P. E. Veness AA CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, GPO Box 664, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C Department of Primary Industries, Rutherglen, RMB 1145, Rutherglen, Vic. 3685, Australia.
D Corresponding author; email: richard.culvenor@csiro.au
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55(6) 681-692 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR03262
Submitted: 18 December 2003 Accepted: 5 March 2004 Published: 7 July 2004
Abstract
Half-sib families in the AT98 Phalaris aquatica × P. arundinacea × P. aquatica backcross population bred for acid soil tolerance were compared for establishment, persistence, and yield with phalaris (P. aquatica L.) controls and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Porto) at 4 sites in south-eastern Australia with the aim of selecting the parents of a new cultivar. The sites had strongly acid soils but differed in parent material, pH profile, soil fertility, and suitability for phalaris.
Establishment by AT98 was clearly superior to all phalaris controls and similar to cocksfoot in an acid soil high in Al to depth at Chiltern, north-eastern Victoria, after sowing in early spring 2000. It was considered likely that better establishment by AT98 was due to its higher Al tolerance. In contrast, little variation in establishment was observed at 3 other sites sown in late autumn 1999, possibly due to a longer period free of moisture stress compared with the later sown Chiltern site. Once established, the control cultivars of phalaris at the autumn-sown sites in general persisted and yielded similarly to the mean of the AT98 families.
Significant family variation was observed and predicted heritability on a family mean basis was high for persistence measured as basal frequency and moderately high for yield in the third year. Family by site interaction was relatively low for both attributes. A cultivar based on the best families should give more reliable establishment on acid soils high in Al under conditions where rapid root growth to depth is needed for survival, and give more flexibility of sowing date on these soils. Its best performance relative to cv. Landmaster in terms of third-year yield was predicted to occur on granite-derived soils in north-eastern Victoria.
Additional keywords: phalaris, aluminium tolerance, selection.
Acknowledgments
We thank G. White and R. Dunstan, ‘Brooklands’, Yass, I. Cusack, ‘Bywong’, Sutton, R. Voigt, Beechworth, and G. & J. Code, Chiltern, for kindly allowing us to conduct the trials on their land. We also thank Dr D. Garden, NSW Agriculture, for accommodating our Sutton trial alongside his Acid Soil Action site. We also thank Dr Richard Simpson, CSIRO Plant Industry, and Dr Zulfi Jahufer, formerly DNRE Victoria, for valuable discussions. Support for this project was provided by Australian woolgrowers and the Australian government through the Australian Wool Research and Promotion Organisation.
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