Register      Login
Australian Journal of Chemistry Australian Journal of Chemistry Society
An international journal for chemical science
RESEARCH FRONT

Star Polymers of Sodium Styrenesulfonate Prepared by One-Pot TEMPO-Controlled SFRP

Jianfu Ding A B and Steven Holdcroft A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.

B Current address: Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.

C Corresponding author. Email: holdcrof@sfu.ca

Australian Journal of Chemistry 65(8) 1117-1123 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH12176
Submitted: 30 March 2012  Accepted: 20 May 2012   Published: 14 June 2012

Abstract

Star polymers of sodium styrenesulfonate with controlled arm length were prepared in a one-pot polymerization. Sodium styrenesulfonate was first polymerized with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity by stable free radical polymerization. Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) was terminated with divinyl benzene and star polymers prepared via stable free radical coupling of vinylic terminal groups. Star polymers based on arms of 20 and 32 repeat units possessed ~33 and ~41 arms per star respectively. Formation of star polymers with much longer arms was limited by poor coupling kinetics.


References

[1]  S. P. Meneghetti, P. J. Lutz, D. Rein, in Star and Hyperbranched Polymers 1999, p. 27 (Eds M. K. Mishra, S. Kobayashi) (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY).

[2]  N. Hadjichristidis, M. Pitsikalis, S. Pispas, H. Iatrou, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 3747.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosVegsLg%3D&md5=762d5c8a01ed00f8112ea032a5e0af35CAS |

[3]  A. Hirao, M. Hayashi, Y. Tokuda, N. Haraguchi, T. Higashihara, S. W. Ryu, Polym. J. 2002, 34, 633.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFGku74%3D&md5=8da8f89116718fd787a48b82ce780b29CAS |

[4]  L. V. Vinogradova, Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2010, 83, 351.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXls1ClsrY%3D&md5=963f1340dad35ce27217d7e0376ff234CAS |

[5]  S. Ingrisch, O. Nuyken, M. K. Mishra, in Star and Hyperbranched Polymers 1999, p. 77 (Eds M. K. Mishra, S. Kobayashi) (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY).

[6]  D. J. Worsfold, J. G. Zilliox, P. Rempp, Can. J. Chem. 1969, 47, 3379.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXkslWjs74%3D&md5=011cc5a60c736c74911e168e00fd0475CAS |

[7]  P. Rempp, E. Franta, J. E. Herz, Adv. Polym. Sci. 1988, 86, 145.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXltFSqsL8%3D&md5=2922d254657f52405de014b609312491CAS |

[8]  H.-J. Lee, K. W. Lee, N. Choi, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. 2005, 43, 870.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht12itbo%3D&md5=a19134c625eb966283050e48b1c55989CAS |

[9]  H. Eschwey, M. L. Hallensleben, W. Burchard, Makromol. Chem. 1973, 173, 235.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXhtlerurw%3D&md5=c8723f399f82f41b20dcfe436f257d5bCAS |

[10]  Y. Gnanou, P. Lutz, P. Rempp, Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 2885.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlvVaisA%3D%3D&md5=a0c383b2a6524eb1aaf140464df59f74CAS |

[11]  C. Tsitsilianis, P. Lutz, S. Graff, J. P. Lamps, P. Rempp, Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5897.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmtVyksb4%3D&md5=27ed16140669cf3d27c958e9eb1c950cCAS |

[12]  N. Fazeli, A. Taromi, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. 2003, 41, 135.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVSi&md5=95a571f87210a729d3d78a403cf0815cCAS |

[13]  H. Eschwey, M. L. Hallensleben, W. Burchard, Makromol. Chem. 1973, 173, 235.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXhtlerurw%3D&md5=c8723f399f82f41b20dcfe436f257d5bCAS |

[14]  Y. Gnanou, P. Lutz, P. Rempp, Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 2885.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlvVaisA%3D%3D&md5=a0c383b2a6524eb1aaf140464df59f74CAS |

[15]  R. N. Young, L. J. Fetters, Macromolecules 1978, 11, 899.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXlvVSnsLg%3D&md5=5937d8fe471b1889664b0e5cb555dfb7CAS |

[16]  J. Roovers, Trend Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 294.

[17]  N. Hadjichristidis, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. 1999, 37, 857.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVait7Y%3D&md5=812895dd1ede29d9b09ec7ee16d31604CAS |

[18]  A. Hirao, M. Hayashi, T. Higashihara, N. Hadjichristidis, in Complex Macromolecular Architectures 2011, pp. 97–132 (Ed. N. Hadjichristidis) (Wiley: Hoboken, NJ).

[19]  Y. Zhu, S. I. Gido, M. Moshakou, H. Iatrou, N. Hadjichristidis, S. Park, T. Chang, Macromolecules 2003, 36, 5719.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVGnu7s%3D&md5=890e2616272601bfaf48cf2e72717454CAS |

[20]  J. Roovers, L. L. Zhou, P. M. Toporowski, M. van der Zwan, H. Iatrou, N. Hadjichristidis, Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4324.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkslehtrs%3D&md5=a7310473148ee727d922facfed8512c6CAS |

[21]  M. Lazzari, T. Kitayama, M. Janco, K. Hatada, Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5734.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFSktro%3D&md5=17631825295ea0f6661830862c16d29fCAS |

[22]  S. Hou, D. Taton, M. Saule, J. Logan, E. L. Chaikof, Y. Gnanou, Polymer 2003, 44, 5067.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlvVSnur8%3D&md5=6921ca163ac3de98e46a43a947fefd1bCAS |

[23]  G. Quack, L. J. Fetters, N. Hadjichristidis, R. N. Young, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1980, 19, 587.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXmtVGjur4%3D&md5=7693ccb874ba78ebebd7903fa909985fCAS |

[24]  C. Tsitsilianis, P. Chaumont, P. Rempp, Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2319.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXmtlahs7o%3D&md5=bd06dbf74ea367737447aefcc7cf7603CAS |

[25]  D. J. Frater, J. W. Mays, C. Jackson, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys. 1997, 35, 141.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitVaitw%3D%3D&md5=efdd383142adef1e2722f44b11ab7023CAS |

[26]  S. Kanaoka, M. Sawamoto, T. Higashimura, Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2309.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhvVKitrY%3D&md5=cc62cfe8faf707a1d3d4ec7cc04e9fc9CAS |

[27]  B. Comanita, B. Noren, J. Roovers, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 1069.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsFyqug%3D%3D&md5=f18823764a56312e2881f48a8dce8ec8CAS |

[28]  M. Pitsikalis, S. Sioula, S. Pispas, N. Hadjichristidis, D. C. Cook, J. Li, J. W. Mays, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. 1999, 37, 4337.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsValsr8%3D&md5=426f3e63ff14e53e4b9d74de4bd104c9CAS |

[29]  K. Khanna, S. Varhsney, A. Kakkar, Polym. Chem. 2010, 1, 1171.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtl2msLrM&md5=3a0c6750588f61217c962a1e84cd941dCAS |

[30]  H. Gao, K. Matyjaszewski, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34, 317.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsl2hsL8%3D&md5=22491f182a362131efe005ef9bc22de4CAS |

[31]  A. Blencowe, J. F. Tan, T. K. Goh, G. C. Qiao, Polymer 2009, 50, 5.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXksFyjsA%3D%3D&md5=3b5baeb942c06f2a717731304b575bf9CAS |

[32]  J. Ferreira, J. Syrett, M. Whittaker, D. Haddleton, T. P. Davis, C. Boyer, Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 1671.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpslKltL0%3D&md5=936bb49db339e26dc095730de12a8488CAS |

[33]  J. A. Syrett, D. M. Haddleton, M. R. Whittaker, T. P. Davis, C. Boyer, Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 1449.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXot1Crtw%3D%3D&md5=e886b5a94deb6a0fd55cf6bd5bb46b54CAS |

[34]  B. M. Blunden, D. S. Thomas, M. H. Stenzel, Aust. J. Chem. 2011, 64, 766.
         | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXotFyjsLs%3D&md5=ea5123f5c08dc175be725008c9e6559fCAS |

[35]  H. T. T. Duong, T. L. U. Nguyen, J. Kumpfmüller, M. H. Stenzel, Aust. J. Chem. 2010, 63, 1210.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvVKksrg%3D&md5=a1660e695dd3e0f1b09504ebf6bf9be1CAS |

[36]  C. J. Hawker, Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 373.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlsVSntL4%3D&md5=f5d8e78d1f9df5a19f6ffdb63ec1e84dCAS |

[37]  A. Abrol, P. A. Kambouris, M. G. Looney, D. H. Solomon, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1997, 18, 755.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtF2nsbo%3D&md5=15093a8a7829c09c24ba058766f7f083CAS |

[38]  A. W. Bosman, A. Heumann, G. G. Klaerner, D. G. Benoit, J. M. J. Fréchet, C. J. Hawker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6461.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktFamu7s%3D&md5=63b8cd36dcfe4bc7eeeef33c68fbdea8CAS |

[39]  A. J. Pasquale, T. E. Long, J. Polym, Sci. Pol. Chem. 2001, 39, 216.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitlal&md5=43e84f85333b6e945940e60cf200ee2bCAS |

[40]  T. Tsoukatos, S. Pispas, N. Hadjichristidis, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. 2001, 39, 320.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1yjsQ%3D%3D&md5=a18fedc79a3a8bb0f4308c8d4811f37fCAS |

[41]  S. Abrol, M. J. Caulfield, G. G. Qiao, D. H. Solomon, Polymer 2001, 42, 5987.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisF2nsr4%3D&md5=f644a85cdfb0f1e399aa674fe895f9c1CAS |

[42]  B. Keoshkerian, M. K. Georges, Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem.) 1994, 35, 675.
         | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmvFGktrs%3D&md5=76b87a728097a18427003410c41e3ea5CAS |

[43]  B. Keoshkerian, M. K. Georges, D. Boils-Boissier, Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6381.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnsVKrt7c%3D&md5=20a7645de28dc177930e2878db453cecCAS |

[44]  M. Bouix, J.-P. Gouzi, B. Charleux, J. Vairon, P. Guinot, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1998, 19, 209.
         | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXis1egtbg%3D&md5=aea46ebde0535549f085318df6f47b12CAS |

[45]  J. Ding, C. Chuy, S. Holdcroft, Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 2231.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksFelsrs%3D&md5=379226ce564a79370d7433525407e170CAS |

[46]  J. Ding, C. Chuy, S. Holdcroft, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 1348.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xkt1Chuw%3D%3D&md5=1caa3b17795ae91b492072c7bb8bf037CAS |

[47]  K. Ito, in Macromolecular Design, Concept and Practice 1994, p. 129 (Ed. M. K. Mishra) (Polymer Frontiers International Inc.: New York, NY).

[48]  K. Ito, S. Kawaguchi, in Advanced Polymer Science Volume 142. Branched Polymer I 1999, p. 129 (Ed. J. Roovers) (Springer: New York, NY).

[49]  J. Roovers, in Star and Hyperbranched Polymers 1999, p. 285 (Eds M. K. Mishra, S. Kobayashi) (Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY).

[50]  M. Kurata, Y. Tsunashima, M. Iwama, K. Kamada, in Polymer Handbook 1975, 2nd edn, pp. IV–19 (Eds J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut) (John Willey & Sons: New York, NY).