Nutrient responses and macronutrient composition of some Trifolium repens × Trifolium uniflorum interspecific hybrids
S. N. Nichols A E , R. W. Hofmann B , W. M. Williams C D and J. R. Crush A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
B Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
C AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
D College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
E Corresponding author. Email: shirley.nichols@agresearch.co.nz
Crop and Pasture Science 65(4) 370-381 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13446
Submitted: 18 December 2013 Accepted: 11 March 2014 Published: 29 April 2014
Abstract
Interspecific hybridisation is being utilised in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) breeding programs to overcome factors currently restricting productivity and persistence. Valuable new traits that may be introduced from the wild relative T. uniflorum include root characteristics and other adaptations to its natural, Mediterranean habitat. This study examined the effect of hybridisation on growth and macronutrient composition of white clover compared with T. uniflorum and T. repens × T. uniflorum backcross 1 (BC1) hybrids in two glasshouse sand culture experiments. Shoot and root dry weights of BC1 hybrids were greater than of white clover in low-concentration nutrient treatments but not in a more concentrated treatment. Decreases in dry weight with decreasing nutrient treatment strength were also smaller for some BC1 hybrids compared with white clover and other hybrid families. Most foliar macronutrient levels were adequate for white clover growth, but mean shoot or leaf phosphorus (P) concentrations were below published critical levels. Higher dry matter production under these low internal P concentrations suggests that some T. repens × T. uniflorum BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of lower soil P levels than white clover. Such adaptations are likely to have been inherited from T. uniflorum. However, transgressive segregation may also be occurring, as T. uniflorum was larger than white clover in some, but not all, cases of low nutrient supply.
Additional keywords: adaptation, interspecific hybridisation, macronutrients, phosphorus, T. uniflorum, white clover.
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