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Contents Vol 37(7)

Hormonal regulation of source–sink relations to maintain crop productivity under salinity: a case study of root-to-shoot signalling in tomato

Francisco Pérez-Alfocea A E , Alfonso Albacete A D , Michel E. Ghanem B and Ian C. Dodd C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.

B Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 5, Boîte 13, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

C The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.

D Present address: Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria.

E Corresponding author. Email: alfocea@cebas.csic.es

Functional Plant Biology 37(7) 592-603 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10012
Submitted: 16 January 2010  Accepted: 19 April 2010   Published: 2 July 2010

Abstract

Salinity decreases crop yield first by reducing growth of assimilate-consuming sink organs and, second, by decreasing assimilate production in photosynthetically active source tissues. Although much work has focussed on controlling the accumulation of toxic ions (mainly Na+ and Cl–), the search for primary growth limiting factor(s) continues. The root, by sensing environmental constraints of the soil, may influence root-to-shoot signalling to control shoot growth and physiology, and ultimately agricultural productivity. Hormonal signals, such as cytokinins, ABA, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid may coordinate assimilate production and usage in competing sinks (biomass partitioning). Hormonal regulation of source–sink relations during the osmotic phase of salinity (independent of specific ions) affects whole-plant energy availability to prolong the maintenance of growth, root function and ion homeostasis, and could be critical to delay the accumulation of Na+ or any other ion to toxic levels. This viewpoint emphasises that simultaneously maintaining growth and delaying early leaf senescence is necessary to increase crop yield in salt-affected soils.

Additional keywords: biphasic model, cytokinins, invertases, ion-specific effects, osmotic tolerance, senescence.


Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Professors M. Acosta and J. Sánchez-Bravo (University of Murcia) for their collaboration with A.A. and F.P.A. in developing methods for plant hormone analysis at CEBAS-CSIC. The authors also thank their national organisations for supporting research on source–sink relations and root-to-shoot signalling: Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FRS-FNRS (project FRFC-2456308), Belgium; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (ACC signalling), UK; the Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (project 08712/PI/08) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project AGL2008–01733/AGR), Spain.


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