Intraspecific variation in growth and yield response to elevated CO2 in wheat depends on the differences of leaf mass per unit area
Chamindathee L. Thilakarathne A , Sabine Tausz-Posch A , Karen Cane C , Robert M. Norton D , Michael Tausz B and Saman Seneweera A E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Private Box 260, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia.
B Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia.
C Department of Primary Industries, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia.
D International Plant Nutrition Institute, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: samans@unimelb.edu.au
Submitted: 22 February 2012 Accepted: 21 July 2012 Published: 17 September 2012
Abstract
In order to investigate the underlying physiological mechanism of intraspecific variation in plant growth and yield response to elevated CO2 concentration [CO2], seven cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at either ambient [CO2] (~384 μmol mol–1) or elevated [CO2] (700 μmol mol–1) in temperature controlled glasshouses. Grain yield increased under elevated [CO2] by an average of 38% across all seven cultivars, and this was correlated with increases in both spike number (productive tillers) (r = 0.868) and aboveground biomass (r = 0.942). Across all the cultivars, flag leaf photosynthesis rate (A) increased by an average of 57% at elevated [CO2]. The response of A to elevated [CO2] ranged from 31% (in cv. H45) to 75% (in cv. Silverstar). Only H45 showed A acclimation to elevated [CO2], which was characterised by lower maximum Rubisco carboxylation efficiency, maximum electron transport rate and leaf N concentration. Leaf level traits responsible for plant growth, such as leaf mass per unit area (LMA), carbon (C), N content on an area basis ([N]LA) and the C : N increased at elevated [CO2]. LMA stimulation ranged from 0% to 85% and was clearly associated with increased [N]LA. Both of these traits were positively correlated with grain yield, suggesting that differences in LMA play an important role in determining the grain yield response to elevated [CO2]. Thus increased LMA can be used as a new trait to select cultivars for a future [CO2]-rich atmosphere.
Additional keywords: gas exchange, growth analysis, leaf nitrogen, photosynthetic acclimation, specific leaf mass, Triticum aestivum L.
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