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REVIEW (Open Access)

Potential effects of climate change on Australian estuaries and fish utilising estuaries: a review

Bronwyn M. Gillanders A F , Travis S. Elsdon B , Ian A. Halliday C , Gregory P. Jenkins D , Julie B. Robins C and Fiona J. Valesini E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, DX650 418, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

B Sinclair Knight Merz, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

C Sustainable Fisheries Unit; Fisheries and Aquaculture; Animal Science; Science, Agriculture, Food and Regional Services; Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation; Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 46, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.

D Fisheries Research Branch, and Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Department of Primary Industries Queenscliff Centre, PO Box 114, Queenscliff, Vic. 3225, Australia.

E Centre for Fish and Fisheries, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.

F Corresponding author. Email: bronwyn.gillanders@adelaide.edu.au

Marine and Freshwater Research 62(9) 1115-1131 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11047
Submitted: 23 February 2011  Accepted: 28 July 2011   Published: 21 September 2011

Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2011 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND

Abstract

Estuaries are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because changes in climatic and hydrologic variables that influence freshwater and marine systems will also affect estuaries. We review potential impacts of climate change on Australian estuaries and their fish. Geographic differences are likely because southern Australian climates are predicted to become warmer and drier, whereas northern regions may see increased precipitation. Environmental factors, including salinity gradients, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations, will be influenced by changing freshwater input and other climate variables. Potential impacts will vary depending on the geomorphology of the estuary and the level of build-up of sand bars across estuarine entrances. Changes to estuarine fish assemblages will depend on associated changes to salinity and estuarine-mouth morphology. Marine migrants may be severely affected by closure of estuarine mouths, depending on whether species ‘must’ use estuarine habitat and the level of migratory v. resident individuals. Depending on how fish in coastal waters locate estuaries, there may be reduced cues associated with estuarine mouths, particularly in southern Australia, potentially influencing abundance. In summary, climate change is expected to have major consequences for Australian estuaries and associated fish, although the nature of impacts will show significant regional variation.

Additional keywords: estuarine mouth, freshwater, marine, salinity.


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