Bulk Viscosity and Particle Creation in Brans–Dicke Theory

Abstract

The effect of bulk viscosity on the evolution of the spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) models in the context of open thermodynamical systems, which allow for particle creation, is analysed within the framework of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory. The BD field equations are modified with the incorporation of a creation pressure and bulk viscous stress. A class of physically plausible models has been taken into consideration. The behaviour of the particle number density and bulk viscosity is discussed with the evolution of the Brans–Dicke scalar field.