Register      Login
Crop and Pasture Science Crop and Pasture Science Society
Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
Shopping Cart: ( empty )
You are here: Home > Journals > CP > AR05407
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 57(9)

Occurrence of Beet western yellows virus and its aphid vectors in over-summering broad-leafed weeds and volunteer crop plants in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia

B. A. Coutts B C , J. R. Hawkes A and R. A. C. Jones A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

B Agricultural Research Western Australia, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia.

C Corresponding author. Email: bcoutts@agric.gov.wa.au

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57(9) 975-982 https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05407
Submitted: 22 November 2005  Accepted: 8 May 2006   Published: 30 August 2006

Abstract

During the summer periods of 2000, 2001, and 2002, presence of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) was assessed in tests on samples from at least 12 broad-leafed weed species and 5 types of volunteer crop plants growing in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia. In 2000, BWYV was detected in 2 of 35 sites in 2% of 1437 samples, whereas in 2001 and 2002 the corresponding figures were 3 of 108 sites in 0.04% of 8782 samples, and 1 of 30 sites in 0.08% of 2524 samples, respectively. The sites with infection were in northern, central, and southern grainbelt districts, and in high and medium rainfall zones. The hosts in which BWYV was detected were the weeds Citrullus lanatus (Afghan or wild melon), Conzya spp. (fleabane), Navarretia squarrosa (stinkweed), and Solanum nigrum (blackberry nightshade), and the volunteer crop plant Brassica napus (canola). Small populations of aphids were found over-summering at 28% (2000), 4% (2001), and 17% (2002) of sites, mostly infesting volunteer canola and Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish). They occurred in high, medium, and low rainfall zones, but were only found in central and southern grainbelt districts. The predominant aphid species found was Brevicoryne brassicae, with Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, and Uroleucon sonchi present occasionally. The importance of these findings in relation to the epidemiology and control of BWYV in the grainbelt is discussed.

Additional keywords: canola, BWYV, luteovirus, polerovirus, surveys, alternative hosts, infection reservoirs, ‘green bridge’, forecasting.


Acknowledgments

We thank L. J. Smith, C. M. Woods, B. A. Cox, N. Wirth, and R. Prince for technical support with collecting and testing samples, and data handling, and L. M. Cartwright (entomologist) for identification of aphid species. Financial support was provided by the Grains Research and Development Corporation.


References


Bananej K, Desbiez C, Wipf-Scheibel C, Vahdat I, Kheyr-Pour A, Ahoonmanesh A, Lecoq H (2006) First report of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in Iran causing yellows on four cucurbit crops. Plant Disease 90, 526. open url image1

Berlandier FA , Cartwright LM (1998) Survival of aphids over summer in Western Australia. In ‘Pest management—future challenges, Vol 2. Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Applied Entomological Research Conference’. (Eds MP Zalucki, RAI Drew, GG White) p. 299. (University of Queensland Press: Brisbane, Qld)

Blackman RL , Eastop VF (2000) ‘Aphids on the world’s crops—an identification and information guide.’ (John Wiley and Sons Ltd: West Sussex, UK)

Brault V, Perigon S, Reinbold C, Erdinger M, Scheidecker D, Herrbach E, Richards K, Ziegler-Graff V (2005) The Polerovirus minor capsid protein determines vector specificity and intestinal tropism in the aphid. Journal of Virology 79, 9685–9693.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Brunt AA , Crabtree K , Dallwitz MJ , Gibbs AJ , Watson L , Zurcher EJ (Eds) (1996) ‘Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20th August 1996.’ Available at: http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Buchen-Osmond C , Crabtree K , Gibbs A , McLean G (Eds) (1988) ‘Viruses of plants in Australia.’ (Australian National University Printing Service: Canberra, ACT)

Casper R, Meyer S, Lesemann DE, Reddy DVD, Rajeshwari R, Misari SM, Subbarayudu SS (1983) Detection of a luteovirus in groundnut rosette diseased groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 108, 12–17. open url image1

Coutts BA, Jones RAC (2000) Viruses infecting canola (Brassica napus) in south-western Australia: incidence, distribution, spread, and infection reservoir in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 925–936.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Coutts BA, Jones RAC (2005) Incidence and distribution of viruses infecting cucurbit crops in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 847–858.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Duffus JE (1972) Beet western yellows virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, No. 89. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne, UK.

Duffus JE, Russell GE (1970) Serological and host range evidence for the occurrence of beet western yellows virus in Europe. Phytopathology 60, 1199–1202. open url image1

Graichen K, Rabenstein F (1996) European isolates of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. napus) are non-pathogenic on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. altissima) but represent isolates of turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 103, 233–245. open url image1

Graichen K , Schliephake E (1999) Infestation of winter oilseed rape by turnip yellows luteovirus and it’s effect on yield in Germany. In ‘Proceedings of 10th International Rapeseed Congress—New Horizons for an Old Crop’. Abstract book and CD-ROM. (Eds N Wratten, PA Salisbury) p. 131. (International Consultative Group for Rapeseed Research: Canberra, ACT)

Hampton RO, Keller KE, Baggett JR (1998) Beet western yellows luteovirus in Western Oregon. Plant Disease 82, 140–148. open url image1

Hauser S, Stevens M, Mougel C, Smith HG, Fritsch C, Herrbach E, Lemaire O (2000) Biological, serological and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape. Phytopathology 90, 460–466. open url image1

Hawkes J , Thackray D , Jones R (2002) Incidence of virus diseases in chickpea. In ‘2002 Oilseeds updates’. (Ed. D Eksteen) pp. 101–102. (Department of Agriculture, Western Australia: Perth, W. Aust.)

Hawkes JR, Jones RAC (2005) Incidence and distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus in over-summering grasses in a Mediterranean-type environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 257–270.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Jay CN, Rossall S, Smith HG (1999) Effects of beet western yellows virus on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 133, 131–139.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Jay CN , Smith HG (1994) The effects of beet western yellows virus on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape. Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases 2, 941–942.

Johnstone GR, Duffus JE (1984) Some luteovirus diseases in Tasmania caused by beet western yellows and subterranean clover red leaf viruses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 35, 821–830.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Johnstone GR, Duffus JE, Guy PL (1989) New records on the occurrence of beet western yellows virus in Australia, New Zealand and Mexico. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, 353–358.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Jones RAC (2004) Occurrence of virus infection in seed stocks and 3 year old pastures of lucerne (Medicago sativa). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 757–764.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Jones R , Hawkes J (2002) Yield losses caused when beet western yellows virus infects canola. In ‘2002 Oilseeds update’. (Ed. D Eksteen) pp. 42–43. (Department of Agriculture, Western Australia: Perth, W. Aust.)

Latham LJ, Jones RAC (2001) Incidence of virus infection in experimental plots, commercial crops, and seed stocks of cool-season crop legumes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 397–413.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Latham LJ, Smith LJ, Jones RAC (2003) Incidence of three viruses in vegetable brassica plantings and wild radish weeds in south-west Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 32, 387–391.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Lecoq H, Bourdin D, Wipf-Scheibel C, Bon M, Lot H, Lemaire O, Herrbach E (1992) A new yellowing disease of cucurbits caused by a luteovirus, Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus. Plant Pathology 41, 749–761. open url image1

Makkouk KM, Bashir M, Jones RAC, Kumari SG (2001) Survey for viruses in lentil and chickpea crops in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 108, 258–268. open url image1

Mayo MA , D’Arcy CJ (1999) Family Luteoviridae: a reclassification of luteoviruses. In ‘The Luteoviridae’. (Eds HG Smith, H Barker) (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK)

McKirdy SJ, Jones RAC (1993) Occurrence of barley yellow dwarf virus serotypes MAV and RMV in over-summering grasses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 1195–1209.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

McKirdy SJ, Jones RAC (1996) Use if imidacloprid and newer generation synthetic pyrethroids to control the spread of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus in cereals. Plant Disease 80, 895–901. open url image1

McKirdy SJ, Jones RAC (1997) Effect of sowing time on barley yellow dwarf virus infection in wheat: virus incidence and grain yield losses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, 199–206.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

McKirdy SJ, Jones RAC, Nutter FW (2002) Quantification of yield losses caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus in wheat and oats. Plant Disease 86, 769–773. open url image1

McLean GD , Price LK (1984) Virus, viroid, mycoplasma and rickettsial diseases of plants in Western Australia. Technical Bulletin No. 68, Department of Agriculture, Perth, W. Aust.

Moreno A, De Blas C, Biurrun R, Nebreda M, Palacios I, Duque M, Fereres A (2004) The incidence and distribution of viruses infecting lettuce, cultivated Brassica and associated natural vegetation in Spain. Annals of Applied Biology 144, 339–346.
| Crossref |
open url image1

Reddy SV, Kumar PL (2004) Transmission and properties of a new luteovirus associated with chickpea stunt disease in India. Current Science 86, 1157–1161. open url image1

Robert Y (1999) Epidemiology of potato leafroll disease. In ‘The Luteoviridae’. (Eds HG Smith, H Barker) pp. 221–227. (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK)

Schliephake E, Graichen K, Rabenstein F (2000) Investigations on the vector transmission of the Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and the Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 107, 81–87. open url image1

Smith HG, Hinckes JA (1985) Studies on beet western yellows virus in oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Annals of Applied Biology 107, 473–484. open url image1

Thackray DJ, Diggle AJ, Berlandier FA, Jones RAC (2004) Forecasting aphid outbreaks and epidemics of Cucumber mosaic virus in lupin crops in a Mediterranean-type climate. Virus Research 100, 67–82.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed | open url image1

Thackray DJ , Hawkes JR , Jones RAC (2002) A decision support system for control of aphids and BYDV in cereal crops. In ‘2002 Cereals update’. (Ed. R Jettner) pp. 57–58. (Department of Agriculture, Western Australia: Perth, W. Aust.)

Thackray DJ, Jones RAC (2003) Forecasting aphid outbreaks and epidemics of Barley yellow dwarf virus—a decision support system for a Mediterranean-type climate. Australasian Plant Pathology [Abstr.] 32, 438. open url image1

Walsh JA, Perrin RM, Miller A, Laycock DS (1989) Studies on beet western yellows virus in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and the effect of insecticidal treatment on its spread. Crop Protection 8, 137–143.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | open url image1

Wilson CR, Jones RAC (1990) Virus content of seed potato stocks produced in a unique seed potato production scheme. Annals of Applied Biology 116, 103–109. open url image1