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Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Hosting the preimplantation embryo: potentials and limitations of different approaches for analysing embryo–endometrium interactions in cattle

Susanne E. Ulbrich A C , Eckhard Wolf B and Stefan Bauersachs B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.

B Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.

C Corresponding author. Email: ulbrich@wzw.tum.de

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25(1) 62-70 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD12279
Published: 4 December 2012

Abstract

Ongoing detailed investigations into embryo–maternal communication before implantation reveal that during early embryonic development a plethora of events are taking place. During the sexual cycle, remodelling and differentiation processes in the endometrium are controlled by ovarian hormones, mainly progesterone, to provide a suitable environment for establishment of pregnancy. In addition, embryonic signalling molecules initiate further sequences of events; of these molecules, prostaglandins are discussed herein as specifically important. Inadequate receptivity may impede preimplantation development and implantation, leading to embryonic losses. Because there are multiple factors affecting fertility, receptivity is difficult to comprehend. This review addresses different models and methods that are currently used and discusses their respective potentials and limitations in distinguishing key messages out of molecular twitter. Transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analyses generate comprehensive information and provide starting points for hypotheses, which need to be substantiated using further confirmatory methods. Appropriate in vivo and in vitro models are needed to disentangle the effects of participating factors in the embryo–maternal dialogue and to help distinguish associations from causalities. One interesting model is the study of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in normal recipient heifers. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to properly assess the importance of the uterine milieu for embryonic development and to use the large number of new findings to solve long-standing issues regarding fertility.

Additional keywords : somatic cell nuclear transfer, transcriptomics, prostaglandins, uterus.


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