Early forest fire detection by vision-enabled wireless sensor networks

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Contents Vol 21(8)

doi:10.1071/WF11168

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Early forest fire detection by vision-enabled wireless sensor networks

Jorge Fernández-Berni ^A ^C, Ricardo Carmona-Galán ^A, Juan F. Martínez-Carmona ^B and Ángel Rodríguez-Vázquez ^A

^A Institute of Microelectronics of Seville (IMSE CNM-CSIC-US), Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Seville, Spain.
^B Andalusian Forest Fire Suppression and Prevention Service (INFOCA), Avenida Manuel Siurot 50, E-41013 Seville, Spain.
^C Corresponding author. Email: berni@imse-cnm.csic.es

International Journal of Wildland Fire 21(8) 938-949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF11168
Submitted: 25 November 2011 Accepted: 14 May 2012 Published: 30 July 2012





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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks constitute a powerful technology particularly suitable for environmental monitoring. With regard to wildfires, they enable low-cost fine-grained surveillance of hazardous locations like wildland–urban interfaces. This paper presents work developed during the last 4 years targeting a vision-enabled wireless sensor network node for the reliable, early on-site detection of forest fires. The tasks carried out ranged from devising a robust vision algorithm for smoke detection to the design and physical implementation of a power-efficient smart imager tailored to the characteristics of such an algorithm. By integrating this smart imager with a commercial wireless platform, we endowed the resulting system with vision capabilities and radio communication. Numerous tests were arranged in different natural scenarios in order to progressively tune all the parameters involved in the autonomous operation of this prototype node. The last test carried out, involving the prescribed burning of a 95 × 20-m shrub plot, confirmed the high degree of reliability of our approach in terms of both successful early detection and a very low false-alarm rate.

Additional keywords: artificial vision, energy efficiency, false-alarm rate, focal-plane processing, smoke detection, VLSI implementation.

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