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International Journal of Wildland Fire International Journal of Wildland Fire Society
Journal of the International Association of Wildland Fire
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Challenges of assessing fire and burn severity using field measures, remote sensing and modelling

Penelope Morgan A E , Robert E. Keane B , Gregory K. Dillon B , Theresa B. Jain C , Andrew T. Hudak C , Eva C. Karau B , Pamela G. Sikkink C , Zachary A. Holden D and Eva K. Strand A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A University of Idaho, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.

B USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT 59807, USA.

C USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Moscow, ID 83843, USA.

D USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT 59807, USA.

E Corresponding author. Email: pmorgan@uidaho.edu

International Journal of Wildland Fire 23(8) 1045-1060 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF13058
Submitted: 13 April 2013  Accepted: 14 July 2014   Published: 25 November 2014

Abstract

Comprehensive assessment of ecological change after fires have burned forests and rangelands is important if we are to understand, predict and measure fire effects. We highlight the challenges in effective assessment of fire and burn severity in the field and using both remote sensing and simulation models. We draw on diverse recent research for guidance on assessing fire effects on vegetation and soil using field methods, remote sensing and models. We suggest that instead of collapsing many diverse, complex and interacting fire effects into a single severity index, the effects of fire should be directly measured and then integrated into severity index keys specifically designed for objective severity assessment. Using soil burn severity measures as examples, we highlight best practices for selecting imagery, designing an index, determining timing and deciding what to measure, emphasising continuous variables measureable in the field and from remote sensing. We also urge the development of a severity field assessment database and research to further our understanding of causal mechanisms linking fire and burn severity to conditions before and during fires to support improved models linking fire behaviour and severity and for forecasting effects of future fires.

Additional keywords: fire ecology, fire effects, mapping, remote sensing, retrospective assessment, wildfire environment.


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