Abstract

Four olethreutine species, including two new species described herein, are associated with the fruits and seedlings of Rhizophoraceae in the Ryukyu Islands: Cryptophlebia horii Kawabe feeds on Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam.; C. amamiana, sp. nov. feeds on Kandelia candel (L.) Druce; C. palustris, sp. nov. feeds on Rhizophora mucronata Lam.; and Eucosma coniogramma Clarke (= Eucosma okubiensis Kawabe, syn. nov, herein newly established as a junior synonym) feeds on Bruguiera gymnorhiza. Adults, larvae, and genitalia are diagnosed and illustrated for each species, and geographic distribution and information on biology are provided. In addition, we discuss Cryptophlebia species associated with mangroves worldwide, host preference, and adaptations to the mangrove environment.