Phylogenetic relationships among species of the parasitic mite subgenus Listrophoroides Hirst (Atopomelidae), fur-mites of Asian and African murine rodents, are reconstructed on the basis of parsimony analysis of morphological characters. This group is polyphyletic with respect to the outgroup, subgenera Marquesania Womersley and Paklistrophoroides Fain & Hyland. The mite phylogeny partially reflects the host phylogeny and several groups of closely related species associated with particular rodent groups are recognised. The rajah-group, with 34 species associated with rats of the genus Maxomys Sody, is most diverse. Most Maxomys species are parasitised by a single mite species but some of them harbour a complex of several species. Maxomys surifer (Miller), the most widespread species of the genus, hosts unique species combinations comprising 23 species in different parts of its range. This synhospitality is hypothesised to have originated during Pleistocene isolation of different host populations in multiple rain forest refugia. The current species complexes also reflect later host range expansions. These data are consistent with a hypothesis of Pliocene vicariance in some Sunda Shelf rodents and not with the traditional view of widespread migration across the Late Pleistocene Sunda Shelf. The rajah species-group is revised, 16 species are described as new and three are synonymised.