Register      Login
Invertebrate Systematics Invertebrate Systematics Society
Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Molecular barcode and morphological analyses reveal the taxonomic and biogeographical status of the striped-legged hermit crab species Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) and Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802) (Decapoda : Diogenidae)

Mariana Negri A , Leonardo G. Pileggi A and Fernando L. Mantelatto A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics, Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil. Email: ma_negri90@hotmail.com, lpileggi@gmail.com

B Corresponding author. Email: flmantel@usp.br

Invertebrate Systematics 26(6) 561-571 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12020
Submitted: 4 April 2012  Accepted: 13 September 2012   Published: 19 December 2012

Abstract

The taxonomic status of the species Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) and Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802), which have sympatric biogeographical distributions restricted to the western Atlantic Ocean, is based only on differences in the colour pattern of the walking legs of adults. Their morphological similarity led to the suggestion that they be synonymised. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we included species of Clibanarius Dana, 1892 in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene and the COI barcode region. In addition, we combined the molecular results with morphological observations obtained from several samples of these two species. The genetic divergences of the 16S rDNA and COI sequences between C. sclopetarius and C. vittatus ranged from 4.5 to 5.9% and 9.4 to 11.9%, which did not justify their synonymisation. Differences in the telson morphology, chela ornamentation, and coloration of the eyestalks and antennal peduncle provided support for the separation of the two species. Another interesting result was a considerable genetic difference found between populations of C. vittatus from Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico, which may indicate the existence of two homonymous species.

Additional keywords: 16S rDNA, Anomura, barcoding COI, molecular systematics, western Atlantic.


References

Ajmal Khan, S., and Natarajan, R. (1981). Metamorphosis of an estuarine hermit crab Clibanarius olivaceus Henderson in the laboratory (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Mahasagar – Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography 14, 265–276.

Ball, E. E., and Haig, J. (1974). Hermit crabs from the tropical eastern Pacific. I. Distribution, color, and natural history of some common shallow-water species. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 73, 95–104.

Bartilotti, C., Calado, R., and dos Santos, A. (2008). Complete larval development of the hermit crabs Clibanarius aequabilis and Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae), under laboratory conditions, with a revision of the larval features of genus Clibanarius. Helgoland Marine Research 62, 103–121.
Complete larval development of the hermit crabs Clibanarius aequabilis and Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae), under laboratory conditions, with a revision of the larval features of genus Clibanarius.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bauer, R. T. (1981). Color patterns of the shrimps Heptacarpus pictus and H. paludicola (Caridea: Hippolytidae). Marine Biology 64, 141–152.
Color patterns of the shrimps Heptacarpus pictus and H. paludicola (Caridea: Hippolytidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Brossi-Garcia, A. (1987). Morphology of the larval stages of Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) (Decapoda, Diogenidae) reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana 52, 251–275.
Morphology of the larval stages of Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) (Decapoda, Diogenidae) reared in the laboratory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bruce, A. J. (1975). Coral reef shrimps and their color patterns. Endeavor 34, 23–27.
Coral reef shrimps and their color patterns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Costa, F. O., deWaard, J. R., Boutillier, J., Ratnasingham, S., Dooh, R. T., Hajibabaei, M., and Hebert, P. D. N. (2007). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes: the case of the Crustacea. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, 272–295.
Biological identifications through DNA barcodes: the case of the Crustacea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlt1Gqsbo%3D&md5=9d89bca9b399145dd7ed76fef409ae66CAS |

Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., and Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294–299.
| 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjt12gtLs%3D&md5=0a6e1d841a9ef8fafdf936427c59141bCAS |

Forest, J., and Saint-Laurent, M. (1968). Compagne de la ‘Calypso’ au large des côtes atlantiques de l’Amérique du Sud (1961–1962). 6. Crustacés Décapodes: Pagurides. Annales de l’Institut Océanographique 45, 47–169.

Gore, R. (1985). Molting and growth in decapod larvae. In ‘Crustacean Issues. Vol. 2. Larval Growth’. (Ed. A. M. Wenner.) pp. 1–65. (AA Balkema Publishers: Rotterdam.)

Hall, T. A. (2005). BioEdit 7.0.5. (North Carolina State University, Department of Microbiology.) Available at http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html [Verified 3 January 2011].

Harrison, J. S. (2004). Evolution, biogeography, and the utility of mitochondrial 16s and COI genes in phylogenetic analysis of the crab genus Austinixa (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30, 743–754.
Evolution, biogeography, and the utility of mitochondrial 16s and COI genes in phylogenetic analysis of the crab genus Austinixa (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hazlett, B. A. (1981). The behavioral ecology of hermit crabs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12, 1–22.
The behavioral ecology of hermit crabs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hebert, P. D. N., and Gregory, T. R. (2005). The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Systematic Biology 54, 852–859.
The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hess, G. S., and Bauer, R. T. (2002). Spermatophore transfer in the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae). Journal of Morphology 253, 166–175.
Spermatophore transfer in the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hiller, A., Kraus, H., Almon, M., and Werding, B. (2006). The Petrolisthes galathinus complex: species boundaries based on color pattern, morphology and molecules, and evolutionary interrelationships between this complex and other Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40, 547–569.
The Petrolisthes galathinus complex: species boundaries based on color pattern, morphology and molecules, and evolutionary interrelationships between this complex and other Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntFWqsbw%3D&md5=77932e024c3b62bab5bc09fe631ef4efCAS |

Holthuis, L. B. (1959). The crustacean Decapoda of Suriname (Dutch Guiana). Zoologische Verhandelingen 44, 1–296.

Knowlton, N. (1986). Cryptic and sibling species among the decapod crustacean. Journal of Crustacean Biology 6, 356–363.
Cryptic and sibling species among the decapod crustacean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Knowlton, N., and Mills, D. K. (1992). The systematic importance of color and color pattern: evidence for complexes of sibling species of snapping shrimps (Caridea: Alpheidae: Alpheus) from the Caribbean and the Pacific coasts of Panama. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 18, 1–5.

Krol, R. M., Hawkins, W. E., and Overstreet, R. M. (1992). Reproductive components. In ‘Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Decapoda, Crustacea, Vol. 10’. (Eds F. W. Harrison, and A. G. Humes.) pp. 295–343. (Wiley-Liss: New York.)

Kuris, A. M., Ra’anan, Z., Sagi, A., and Cohen, D. (1987). Morphotypic differentiation of male Malaysian giant prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of Crustacean Biology 7, 219–237.
Morphotypic differentiation of male Malaysian giant prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lanave, C., Preparata, G., Saccone, C., and Serio, G. (1984). A new method for calculating evolutionary substitution rates. Journal of Molecular Evolution 20, 86–93.
A new method for calculating evolutionary substitution rates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXktF2hsLY%3D&md5=738344066dc77e09c2e239fce1eb218cCAS |

Lang, W. H., and Young, A. M. (1977). The larval development of Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) reared in the laboratory. The Biological Bulletin 152, 84–104.
The larval development of Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) reared in the laboratory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7ht1OhtQ%3D%3D&md5=49cb3e293e60ffd019cddc1c7a3db1dbCAS |

Leite, F. P. P., Turra, A., and Gandolfi, M. (1998). Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda; Anomura), gastropod shells and environmental structure: their relationship in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History 32, 1599–1608.
Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda; Anomura), gastropod shells and environmental structure: their relationship in southeastern Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Macpherson, E., and Machordom, A. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships of species of Raymunida (Decapoda: Galatheidae) based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences, with the recognition of four new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, 696–714.
Phylogenetic relationships of species of Raymunida (Decapoda: Galatheidae) based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences, with the recognition of four new species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Macpherson, E., and Machordom, A. (2005). Use of morphological and molecular data to identify three new sibling species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from New Caledonia. Journal of Natural History 39, 819–834.
Use of morphological and molecular data to identify three new sibling species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) from New Caledonia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Malay, M. C. D., and Paulay, G. (2010). Peripatric speciation drives diversification and distributional pattern of reef hermit crabs (Decapoda: Diogenidae: Calcinus). Evolution 64, 634–662.
Peripatric speciation drives diversification and distributional pattern of reef hermit crabs (Decapoda: Diogenidae: Calcinus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mantelatto, F. L., Robles, R., Biagi, R., and Felder, D. L. (2006). Taxonomic and distributional status based on molecular data for hermit crab genera Loxopagurus Forest, 1964, and Isocheles Stimpson, 1858 (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae). Zoosystema 28, 495–506.

Mantelatto, F. L., Robles, R., and Felder, D. L. (2007). Molecular phylogeny of the western Atlantic species of the genus Portunus (Crustacea: Brachyura, Portunidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150, 211–220.
Molecular phylogeny of the western Atlantic species of the genus Portunus (Crustacea: Brachyura, Portunidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mantelatto, F. L., Pardo, L. M., Pileggi, L. G., and Felder, D. L. (2009). Taxonomic re-examination of the hermit crab species Pagurus forceps and Pagurus comptus (Decapoda: Paguridae) by molecular analysis. Zootaxa 2133, 20–32.

Mantelatto, F. L., Fernandes-Góes, L. C., Fantucci, M. Z., Biagi, R., Pardo, L. M., and De Góes, J. M. (2010). A comparative study of population traits between two South American populations of the striped-legged hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. Acta Oecologica 36, 10–15.
A comparative study of population traits between two South American populations of the striped-legged hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mathews, L. M., and Anker, A. (2009). Molecular phylogeny reveals extensive ancient and ongoing radiations in a snapping shrimp species complex (Crustacea, Apheidae, Alpheus armillatus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50, 268–281.
Molecular phylogeny reveals extensive ancient and ongoing radiations in a snapping shrimp species complex (Crustacea, Apheidae, Alpheus armillatus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVGrug%3D%3D&md5=94f108dca1f392a1b67baf1c53ca1ccfCAS |

Mathews, L. M., Schubart, C. D., Neigel, L. E., and Felder, D. L. (2002). Genetic, ecological, and behavioural divergence between two sibling snapping shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheus). Molecular Ecology 11, 1427–1437.
Genetic, ecological, and behavioural divergence between two sibling snapping shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zps1GhtA%3D%3D&md5=e74277cd18a43426d6887e9faa09dabbCAS |

Matzen da Silva, J., dos Santos, A., Cunha, M. R., Costa, F. O., Creer, S., and Carvalho, G. R. (2011). Multigene molecular systematics confirms species status of morphologically convergent Pagurus hermit crabs. PLoS ONE 6, e28233.
Multigene molecular systematics confirms species status of morphologically convergent Pagurus hermit crabs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFyr&md5=9ec137dc7ae6f4c14c0aa40641198f70CAS |

McLaughlin, P. A., Crain, J. A., and Gore, R. H. (1992). Studies on the provenzanoi and other pagurid groups: VI. Larval and early juvenile stages of Pagurus ochotensis Brandt (Decapoda; Anomura; Paguridae) from a northeastern Pacific population, reared under laboratory conditions. Journal of Natural History 26, 507–531.
Studies on the provenzanoi and other pagurid groups: VI. Larval and early juvenile stages of Pagurus ochotensis Brandt (Decapoda; Anomura; Paguridae) from a northeastern Pacific population, reared under laboratory conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McLaughlin, P. A., Siddiqui, F. A., and Crain, J. A. (1993). Larval and early juvenile development in Pagurus stevensae Hart, 1971 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13, 322–342.
Larval and early juvenile development in Pagurus stevensae Hart, 1971 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) reared in the laboratory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R., and Rahayu, D. L. (2010). Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement Series 23, 5–107.

Melo, G. A. S. (1999). ‘Manual de Identificação dos Crustacea Decapoda do litoral brasileiro: Anomura, Thalassinidea, Palinuridea, Astacidea.’ (Editora Plêiade: São Paulo, Brazil).

Moraes-Riodades, P. M. C., and Valenti, W. C. (2004). Morphotypes in male Amazon River prawns, Macrobrachium amazonicum. Aquaculture 236, 297–307.
Morphotypes in male Amazon River prawns, Macrobrachium amazonicum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morrison, C. L., Harvey, A. W., Lavery, S., Tieu, K., Huang, Y., and Cunningham, C. W. (2002). Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B – Biological Sciences 269, 345–350.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktVSktb4%3D&md5=6a16f762c6c9e06dfdf1aace592358fcCAS |

Mouchet, S. (1931). Spermatophores des Crustacés Décapodes Anomoures et Brachyoures et castration parasitaire chez quelques pagures. Annales de la Station Océanographique de Salammbô 6, 1–210.

Ng, P. K. L., Shih, H. T., Naruse, T., and Shy, J. Y. (2010). Using molecular tools to establish the type locality and distribution of the endemic Taiwanese freshwater crab Geothelphusa chiui Minei, 1974 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae), with notes on the genetic diversity of Geothelphusa from eastern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 49, 544–555.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvVOjt7w%3D&md5=5437ecdc16f8edb9e959053323b92f72CAS |

Nucci, P. R. (2002). Taxonomia e biogeografia da Superfamília Paguroidea Latreille (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) no litoral brasileiro. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.

Pileggi, L. G., and Mantelatto, F. L. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species. Invertebrate Systematics 24, 194–208.
Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Posada, D., and Buckley, K. A. (2004). Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: advantages of Akaike information criterion and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests. Systematic Biology 53, 793–808.
Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: advantages of Akaike information criterion and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Posada, D., and Crandall, K. A. (1998). MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14, 817–818.
MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktlCltw%3D%3D&md5=96deade1c75c4e555f1a98ea1a9c9435CAS |

Puillandre, N., Macpherson, E., Lambourdière, J., Cruaud, C., Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C., and Samadi, S. (2011). Barcoding type specimens helps to identify synonyms and an unnamed new species in Eumunida Smith, 1883 (Decapoda: Eumunididae). Invertebrate Systematics 25, 322–333.
Barcoding type specimens helps to identify synonyms and an unnamed new species in Eumunida Smith, 1883 (Decapoda: Eumunididae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Gru7bI&md5=50a56d75c32f9502c986e57dea732c36CAS |

Reuschel, S., and Schubart, C. D. (2007). Contrasting genetic diversity with phenotypic diversity in coloration and size in Xantho poressa (Brachyura: Xanthidae), with new results on its ecology. Marine Ecology 28, 296–305.
Contrasting genetic diversity with phenotypic diversity in coloration and size in Xantho poressa (Brachyura: Xanthidae), with new results on its ecology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnvFGju7k%3D&md5=da46514ee97c34b95869e64eb57fafbeCAS |

Rodríguez, R., Oliver, J. L., Marín, A., and Medina, J. R. (1990). The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 142, 485–501.
The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sánchez, H., and Campos, N. H. (1978). Los Cangrejos ermitaños (Crustacea, Anomura, Paguridae) de la costa norte colombiana. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betín 10, 15–62.

Santos, N. M., and Mantelatto, F. L. (2011). Reproductive system of the male hermit crab Clibanarius sclopetarius: gonopore, spermatophore, and spermatozoa morphologies. Aquatic Biology 12, 271–280.
Reproductive system of the male hermit crab Clibanarius sclopetarius: gonopore, spermatophore, and spermatozoa morphologies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sarver, S. K., Silberman, J. D., and Walsh, P. J. (1998). Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of two subspecies or species of the Florida spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 18, 177–186.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of two subspecies or species of the Florida spiny lobster Panulirus argus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schubart, C. D., and Huber, M. G. J. (2006). Genetic comparisons of German populations of the stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium (Crustacea: Astacidae). Bulletin Francais de la Peche et de la Pisciculture 380–381, 1019–1028.
Genetic comparisons of German populations of the stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium (Crustacea: Astacidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schubart, C. D., Neigel, J. E., and Felder, D. L. (2000a). Use of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene for phylogenetic and population studies of Crustacea. Crustacean Issues 12, 817–830.

Schubart, C. D., Cuesta, J. A., Diesel, R., and Felder, D. L. (2000b). Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of nonmarine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15, 179–190.
Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of nonmarine lineages within the American grapsoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjs12qtbk%3D&md5=534192dad6075ca2d01f0bf203ad3d08CAS |

Siddiqui, F. A., McLaughlin, P. A., and Crain, J. A. (1991). Larval development of Clibanarius antillensis (Crustacea: Anomura: Diogenidae) reared under laboratory conditions: a comparison between Panamanian and Brazilian populations. Journal of Natural History 25, 917–932.
Larval development of Clibanarius antillensis (Crustacea: Anomura: Diogenidae) reared under laboratory conditions: a comparison between Panamanian and Brazilian populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Swofford, D. L. (2003). ‘PAUP. Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (and other Methods). Version 4.’ (Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.)

Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., and Gibson, T. J. (1994). Clustal W, improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.
Clustal W, improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitlSgu74%3D&md5=30ced7c55989028a0f69fafe641cd83eCAS |

Tirelli, T., Campantico, E., Pessani, D., and Tudge, C. C. (2007). Reproductive biology of Mediterranean hermit crabs; male reproductive apparatus of Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda Anomura). Journal of Crustacean Biology 27, 404–410.
Reproductive biology of Mediterranean hermit crabs; male reproductive apparatus of Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda Anomura).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tudge, C. C. (1991). Spermatophore diversity within and among the hermit crab families, Coenobitidae, Diogenidae, and Paguridae (Paguroidea, Anomura, Decapoda). The Biological Bulletin 181, 238–247.
Spermatophore diversity within and among the hermit crab families, Coenobitidae, Diogenidae, and Paguridae (Paguroidea, Anomura, Decapoda).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tudge, C. C., and Cunningham, C. (2002). Molecular phylogeny of the mud lobsters and mud shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) using nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA. Invertebrate Systematics 16, 839–847.
Molecular phylogeny of the mud lobsters and mud shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) using nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Uma, K., and Subramoniam, T. (1984). A comparative study of the spermatophore in Scylla serrata (Forskal) (Decapoda Brachyura) and Clibanarius longitarsus (De Haan) (Decapoda Anomura). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 26, 103–108.

Vergamini, F. G., Pileggi, L. G., and Mantelatto, F. L. (2011). Genetic variability of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Deacapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae). Contributions to Zoology 80, 67–83.

Wilson, R. P. (1987). Substrate selection and decorating behavior in Acanthonyx petiveri related to exoskeleton color (Brachyura, Majidae). Crustaceana 52, 135–140.
Substrate selection and decorating behavior in Acanthonyx petiveri related to exoskeleton color (Brachyura, Majidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Young, A., Torres, C., Mack, J., and Cunningham, C. (2002). Morphological and genetic evidence for vicariance and refugium in Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations of the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. Marine Biology 140, 1059–1066.
Morphological and genetic evidence for vicariance and refugium in Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations of the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt1Cktbs%3D&md5=c2607497825b7754ab8b8f6adca26e7bCAS |

Zaslavskaya, N. I., Kornienko, E. S., and Korn, O. M. (2009). Genetic similarity between Pagurus gracilipes (Stimpson, 1858) (Decapoda: Paguroidea) and another pagurid and diogenid hermit crabs from Russian waters of the Sea of Japan. Invertebrate Zoology 6, 147–155.