References
Adams, J. B., and Bate, G. C. (1994
).
The ecological implications of tolerance to salinity by
Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande and
Zostera capensis Setchell.
Botanica Marina 37, 449–456.
Adams, J. B., Bate, G. C., and O’Callaghan, M. (1999). Primary producers. In ‘Estuaries of South Africa’. (Eds B. R. Allanson and D. Baird.) pp. 91–117. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
Adams, J. B., Bate, G. C., Harrison, T. D., Huizinga, P., Taljaard, S., Van Niekerk, L., Plumstead, E. E., Whitfield, A. K., and Wooldridge, T. H. (2002
).
A method to assess the freshwater inflow requirements of estuaries and application to the Mtata Estuary, South Africa.
Estuaries 25, 1382–1393.
|
CrossRef |
Andersen, T., Carstensen, J., Hernandez-Garcıa, E., and Duarte, C. M. (2009
).
Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24, 49–57.
|
CrossRef |
Arendt, J. D. (1997
).
Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa.
The Quarterly Review of Biology 72, 149–177.
|
CrossRef |
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L., and Naiman, R. J. (2006
).
The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems.
Ecological Applications 16, 1311–1318.
|
CrossRef |
Badenhorst, P. (1988). Report on the dynamics of the Kleinemonde West and East estuaries. CSE 13 and 14. South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Division of Earth, Marine and Atmospheric Science, Pretoria.
Bernard, G., Boudouresque, C. F., and Picon, P. (2007
).
Long term changes in
Zostera meadows in the Berre Lagoon (Provence, Mediterranean Sea).
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73, 617–629.
|
CrossRef |
Burkholder, J. M., Tomasko, D. A., and Touchette, D. W. (2007
).
Seagrasses and eutrophication.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 350, 46–72.
|
CrossRef |
Calado, G., and Duarte, P. (2000
).
Modelling growth of
Ruppia cirrhosa. Aquatic Botany 68, 29–44.
|
CrossRef |
Carruthers, T. J. B., Walkera, D. I., and Kendrick, G. A. (1999
).
Abundance of
Ruppia megacarpa Mason in a seasonally variable estuary.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 48, 497–509.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., and Holling, C. S. (2004
).
Regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystems management.
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 35, 557–581.
|
CrossRef |
Fong, P., Boyer, K. E., Desmond, J. S., and Zedler, J. B. (1996
).
Salinity stress, nitrogen competition, and facilitation: what controls seasonal succession of two opportunistic green macroalgae?
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 206, 203–221.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Froneman, P. W., and Henninger, T. O. (2009
).
The influence of prolonged mouth closure on selected components of the hyperbenthos in the littoral zone of the temporarily open/closed Kasouga Estuary, South Africa.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 83, 326–332.
|
CrossRef |
Gippel, C. J., Bond, N. R., James, C., and Wang, X. Q. (2009
).
An asset-based, holistic, environmental flows assessment approach.
International Journal of Water Resources Development 25, 301–330.
|
CrossRef |
Kamer, K., Boyle, K. A., and Fong, P. (2001
).
Macroalgal bloom dynamics in a highly eutrophic southern California estuary.
Estuaries 24, 623–635.
|
CrossRef |
Lester, R. E., Webster, I. T., Fairweather, P. G., and Young, W. J. (2011
).
Linking water-resource models to ecosystem-response models to guide water-resource planning – an example from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia.
Marine and Freshwater Research 62, 279–289.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Mannino, A. M., and Sara, G. (2006
).
The effect of
Ruppia cirrhosa features on macroalgae and suspended matter in a Mediterranean shallow system.
Marine Ecology 27, 350–360.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
McGlathery, K. J. (2001
).
Macroalgal blooms contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters.
Journal of Phycology 37, 453–456.
|
CrossRef |
Obrador, B., and Pretus, J. L. (2010
).
Spatiotemporal dynamics of submerged macrophytes in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 87, 145–155.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Petersen, J. K., Hansen, J. W., Laursen, M. B., Clausen, P., Carstensen, J., and Conley, D. J. (2008
).
Regime shift in a coastal marine ecosystem.
Ecological Applications 18, 497–510.
|
CrossRef |
Pope, A. (2006). Freshwater influences on hydrology and seagrass dynamics of intermittent estuaries. Ph.D. Thesis, Deakin University, Australia.
Riddin, T., and Adams, J. B. (2008
).
Influence of mouth status and water level on the macrophytes in a small temporarily open/closed estuary.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79, 86–92.
|
CrossRef |
Riddin, T., and Adams, J. B. (2010
).
The effect of a storm surge event on the macrophytes of a temporarily open/closed estuary, South Africa.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 89, 119–123.
|
CrossRef |
Roy, P., Williams, R., Jones, A., Yassini, I., Gibbs, P., Coates, B., West, R., Scanes, P., Husdon, J., and Nichol, S. (2001
).
Structure and function of south-east Australian estuaries.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53, 351–384.
|
CrossRef |
Scheffer, M., Szabo, S., Gragnani, A., van Nes, E. H., Rinaldi, S., Kautsky, N., Norberg, J., Roijackers, R. M. M., and Franken, R. J. M. (2003
).
Floating plant dominance as a stable state.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 4040–4045.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Sharma, S. K., Benger, S. N., Fernandes, M. B., Webster, I. T., and Tanner, J. E. (2009). The CLLAMM Dynamic Habitat: habitat mapping and dynamic modelling of species distributions. SARDI Research Report Series Number 336.
Stalnaker, C. B. (1990). Minimum flow is a myth. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
Taljaard, S., Adams, J. B., Turpie, J. K., Van Niekerk, L., Bate, G. C., Cyrus, D., Huizinga, P., Lamberth, S., and Weston, B. (2004). Water Resource Protection and Assessment Policy Implementation Process. Resource Directed Measures for Protection of Water Resources: Methodology for the Determination of the Ecological Water Requirements for Estuaries. Ver. 2. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
Taylor, R., Adams, J. B., and Haldorsen, S. (2006
).
Primary habitats of the St Lucia Estuarine System, South Africa, and their responses to mouth management.
African Journal of Aquatic Science 31, 31–41.
|
CrossRef |
Theron, A. K., and Bornman, T. G. (2008). Appendix D. Specialist report: coastal processes and sediment dynamics. In ‘An Intermediate Ecological Reserve Determination Study of the East Kleinemonde Estuary’. Water Research Commission Report 1581/2/08, Pretoria, South Africa.
Troell, M., Pihl, L., Rönnbäck, P., Wennhage, H., Söderqvist, T., and Kautsky, N. (2005
).
Regime shifts and ecosystem services in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats: when resilience is undesirable.
Ecology and Society 10, 30–43.
Turpie, J. K., Adams, J. B., Joubert, A., Harrison, T. D., Colloty, B. M., Maree, R. C., Whitfield, A. K., Wooldridge, T. H., Lamberth, S. J., Taljaard, S., and Niekerk, L. V. (2002
).
Assessment of the conservation priority status of South African estuaries for use in management and water allocation.
Water S.A. 28, 191–206.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Turpie, J., Clark, B., Cowley, P., Borman, T. G., Adams, J. B., Bate, G. C., van Niekerk, L., Gama, P., Lamberth, S., Taljaard, S., Wooldridge, T., Terorde, A., Riddin, T., and Rajkaran, R. (2008). Integrated ecological-economical modeling as an estuarine management tool: a case study of the East Kleinemonde Estuary. Anchor Environmental Consultants, No. WRC Project K5/1679/0/1.
van Niekerk, L., Bate, G. C., and Whitfield, A. K. (2008). An intermediate ecological reserve determination study of the East Kleinemonde Estuary. Water Research Commission Report 1581/2/08, Pretoria, South Africa.
Verhoeven, J. (1979
).
The ecology of
Ruppia-dominated communities in Western Europe. I. Distribution of
Ruppia representatives in relation to their autecology.
Aquatic Ecology 6, 197–267.
|
CAS |
Whitfield, A. K., Adams, J. B., Bate, G. C., Bezuidenhout, K., Bornman, T. G., Cowley, P. D., Froneman, P. W., Gama, P. T., James, N. C., Mackenzie, B., Riddin, T., Snow, G. C., Strydom, N. A., Taljaard, S., Terörde, A. I., Theron, A. K., Turpie, J. K., van Niekerk, L., Vorwerk, P. D., and Wooldridge, T. H. (2008
).
A multidisciplinary study of a small, temporarily open/closed South African estuary, with particular emphasis on the influence of mouth state on the ecology of the system.
African Journal of Marine Science 30, 453–473.
|
CrossRef |
Zaldívar, J. M., Bacelar, F. S., Dueri, S., Marinov, D., Viaroli, P., and Hernández-García, E. (2009
).
Modeling approach to regime shifts of primary production in shallow coastal ecosystems.
Ecological Modelling 220, 3100–3110.
|
CrossRef |
Zhang, S., Liuc, A., Mad, J., Zhoua, Q., Xua, D., Chenga, S., Zhaoa, Q., and Wua, Z. (2010
).
Changes in physicochemical and biological factors during regime shifts in a restoration demonstration of macrophytes in a small hypereutrophic Chinese lake.
Ecological Engineering 36, 1611–1619.
|
CrossRef |