Distribution of arsenic species in an open seagrass ecosystem: relationship to trophic groups, habitats and feeding zones

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doi:10.1071/EN11105

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Distribution of arsenic species in an open seagrass ecosystem: relationship to trophic groups, habitats and feeding zones

A. Price ^A ^B, W. Maher ^A ^E, J. Kirby ^A ^C, F. Krikowa ^A, E. Duncan ^A, A. Taylor ^A and J. Potts ^A ^D

^A Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
^B Murray–Darling Freshwater Centre, PO Box 991, Wodonga, VIC 3685, Australia.
^C CSIRO Land and Water, PMB2 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
^D Coastal Water Science Unit, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of Premier and Cabinet, 59–61 Goulburn Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
^E Corresponding author. Email: bill.maher@canberra.edu.au

Environmental Chemistry 9(1) 77-88 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EN11105
Submitted: 1 August 2011 Accepted: 11 October 2011 Published: 10 January 2012





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Environmental context. Although arsenic occurs at high concentrations in many marine systems, the influencing factors are poorly understood. The arsenic content of sediments, detritus, suspended particles and organisms have been investigated from different trophic levels in an open seagrass ecosystem. Total arsenic concentrations and arsenic species were organism-specific and determined by a variety of factors including exposure, diet and the organism physiology.

Abstract. The distribution and speciation of arsenic within an open marine seagrass ecosystem in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia is described. Twenty-six estuarine species were collected from five trophic groups (autotrophs, suspension-feeders, herbivores, detritivores and omnivores, and carnivores). Sediment, detritus, epibiota and micro-invertebrates were also collected and were classified as arsenic source samples. There were no significant differences in arsenic concentrations between trophic groups and between pelagic and benthic feeders. Benthic-dwelling species generally contained higher arsenic concentrations than pelagic-dwelling species. Sediments, seagrass blades and detritus contained mostly inorganic arsenic (50–90 %) and arsenoribosides (10–26 %), with some methylarsonate (9.4–14.6 %) and dimethyarsinate (7.9–9.7 %) in seagrass blades and detritus. Macroalgae contained mostly arsenoribosides (40–100 %). Epibiota and other animals contained predominately arsenobetaine (63–100 %) and varying amounts of dimethyarsinate (0–26 %), monomethyarsonate (0–14.6 %), inorganic arsenic (0–2 %), trimethylarsenic oxide (0–6.6 %), arsenocholine (0–12 %) and tetramethylarsonium ion (0–4.5 %). It was concluded that arsenic concentrations and species within the organisms of the Lake Macquarie ecosystem are species-specific and determined by a variety of factors including exposure, diet and the physiology of the organisms.

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