| |
|
|
|
Tropical Dairy Farming
Feeding Management for Small Holder Dairy Farmers in the Humid Tropics
By John Moran, Kyabram Dairy Research Centre DPI (Victoria)
CSIRO PUBLISHING would like to thank the Crawford Fund whose generous
financial support made the publication of this work possible.
|
| |
|
|
Introduction
Presents an outline of the manual and its role in developing training programs for farmers and students. The skills in ration formulation are summarised. Some basic concepts in the nutrition of dairy cows and the terminology encountered throughout the manual are introduced.
pp. 1-9
| |
|
|
|
|
Tropical dairy systems
Introduces the major features of tropical dairy systems and quantifies the development of dairying in South-East Asia and some of the world¿s large dairy industries.
pp. 11-17
| |
|
|
|
|
Small holder dairying
Describes features of small holder dairy systems, their descriptors and benefits of their intensification.
pp. 19-25
| |
|
|
|
|
What is in feeds?
Explains the important constituents of feed for dairy cows and how ration ingredients are sampled and analysed for chemical analyses.
pp. 27-39
| |
|
|
|
|
How the rumen works
Explains the role of the rumen, which allows breakdown and digestion of the forages consumed by cows.
pp. 41-49
| |
|
|
|
|
Nutrient requirements of dairy cows
Explains the specific nutritional needs of cows and how to calculate their energy requirements for major metabolic activities ¿ maintenance, activity, milk production, pregnancy and change in body condition.
pp. 51-59
| |
|
|
|
|
How feed requirements change during lactation
Explains the changes in energy requirements and intake capacity of cows at different stages of lactation.
pp. 61-64
| |
|
|
|
|
Growing quality forages
Explains the milk production benefits from growing quality forages to reduce the level of concentrate fed to milking cows. The management of forages should aim to optimise both yield and quality.
pp. 65-82
| |
|
|
|
|
Making quality silage
Explains the benefits of conserving excess forages as silage, the important principles of consistently making quality silage and how to calculate the size of the silage storage.
pp. 83-97
| |
|
|
|
|
Supplements for milking cows
Explains how to select a supplement based on its nutrient composition.
pp. 99-112
| |
|
|
|
|
Milk responses to supplements
Explains why milk responses to supplements are not consistent and when a supplement becomes profitable to feed.
pp. 113-132
| |
|
|
|
|
Formulating a diet
Explains how to formulate a balanced diet that takes account of the production goals.
pp. 133-145
| |
|
|
|
|
Problems with unbalanced diets
Explains why some diets lead to reduced milk yields and metabolic problems.
pp. 147-158
| |
|
|
|
|
Diet and milk production
Explains how milk is produced in the udder from the end-products of digestion, how the level of feeding and composition of the diet affects milk volume and composition and how cows partition some of these nutrients into body condition.
pp. 159-170
| |
|
|
|
|
Nutrition and fertility
Explains the effect of both nutritional and non-nutritional factors on the reproductive performance of the dairy herd.
pp. 171-181
| |
|
|
|
|
Nutrition and young stock
Explains the nutritional needs of heifers in their three phases of development ¿ milk-fed calf, weaned calf and yearling.
pp. 183-190
| |
|
|
|
|
Economics of feeding dairy cows
Explains the economic benefits of better feeding that can be easily quantified as the milk income less feed costs. Presents full economic analyses of small holder dairy systems in Thailand and Vietnam.
pp. 191-208
| |
|
|
|
|
Body condition scoring
Explains a new system of scoring the body condition of dairy stock.
pp. 209-218
| |
|
|
|
|
Overcoming environmental constraints to cow performance
Explains some of the important non-nutritional factors adversely affecting cow performance: genetics, heat stress, sanitation, animal health and the management of imported livestock.
pp. 219-237
| |
|
|
|
|
Future developments in feeding management in the humid tropics
Discusses some of the priority areas for research and extension in dairy feeding management.
pp. 239-262
| |
|
|
|
|
References and further reading
pp. 263-268
| |
|
|
|
|
Glossary and abbreviations
pp. 269-274
| |
|
|
|
|
Appendices
Appendix 1 Temperature Humidity Index; Appendix 2 Conversion of units of measurements; Appendix 3 Currency converter for South-East Asia; Appendix 4 Vitamins and minerals required by dairy cows; Appendix 5 Tables of nutrient requirements; Appendix 6 Exercises from the manual
pp. 275-291
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
