Identifying damaged areas inside a masonry monument using a combined interpretation of resistivity and ground-penetrating radar data
Kyosuke Onishi 1 9 Tomochika Tokunaga 2 Yoshihiro Sugimoto 3 Naoyuki Yamada 3 Mohamed Metwaly 4 5 6 Katsuro Mogi 2 Ichita Shimoda 7 Yoshinori Iwasaki 8
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
1 Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegatagakuenmachi, Akita 010-8502, Japan.
2 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 277-8563, Japan.
3 Dia Consultants Co. Ltd, Tokyo 101-0032, Japan.
4 National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, Egypt.
5 Archaeology Department, College of Tourism and Archaeology, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372-7524, Saudi Arabia.
6 Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
7 Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
8 Geo-Research Institute, Osaka 550-0012, Japan.
9 Corresponding author. Email: okyo@gipc.akita-u.ac.jp
Exploration Geophysics 45(3) 177-188 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG14011
Submitted: 25 January 2014 Accepted: 28 January 2014 Published: 7 March 2014
Abstract
The Bayon Complex in the Angkor heritage site, Cambodia, has been damaged by weathering. To plan its long-term preservation, it is essential to investigate its internal structure and the degree of damage within the masonry monument. This study shows results of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical exploration surveys, and an interpreted section of the internal structure and moisture distribution in the masonry monument. The GPR can detect boundaries between stone blocks and between stone blocks and compacted soil. Electrical resistivity can indicate moisture distribution with high reliability in combination with GPR sections. The top surface zone of the terrace structure of this monument is composed of three layers of stone blocks, and the zone below a depth of 55–60 cm is composed of compacted soil. Rainwater penetrates into the terrace through gaps between the stone blocks and drains from vertical walls through cavities in the top part of the compacted soil. Damaged areas are limited to a part of the terrace, and a large area has remained in good condition. This study shows that a combination of electrical resistivity and GPR data is useful for investigating the internal structures and classifying the degree of damage to old stone structures.
Key words: archaeological survey, Bayon Complex, electrical exploration, ground-penetrating radar, groundwater channel.
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