Register      Login
Crop and Pasture Science Crop and Pasture Science Society
Plant sciences, sustainable farming systems and food quality
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Pyramiding adult-plant powdery mildew resistance QTLs in bread wheat

B. Bai A B D , Z. H. He B C E , M. A. Asad B , C. X. Lan B , Y. Zhang B , X. C. Xia B , J. Yan B , X. M. Chen B E and C. S. Wang A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.

B Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing 100081, China.

C International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT China Office, c/o CAAS, Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing 100081, China.

D Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nongkeyuanxincun 1, Lanzhou 730070, China.

E Corresponding author. Email: chenxm@mail.caas.net.cn; zhhecaas@163.com

Crop and Pasture Science 63(7) 606-611 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP12183
Submitted: 30 April 2012  Accepted: 11 September 2012   Published: 18 October 2012

Abstract

Pyramiding of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can be an effective approach for developing durable resistance to powdery mildew in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Chinese wheat cultivars Bainong 64 and Lumai 21, with outstanding agronomic traits, possess four and three QTLs, respectively, for adult-plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew. To achieve optimal durable resistance, 21 F6 lines combining two–five powdery mildew APR QTLs were developed from the cross Bainong 64/Lumai 21 using a modified pedigree selection. These lines were planted in a randomised complete block design with two replicates in Beijing during the 2009–10 and 2010–11 cropping seasons, and were evaluated for powdery mildew response using the highly virulent Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E20. Based on the phenotypic data of both maximum disease severity (MDS) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), analysis of variance indicated that there were highly significant effects of QTL combinations on reducing powdery mildew MDS and AUDPC. Six pyramided QTL combinations possessing QPm.caas-1A and QPm.caas-4DL in common along with one or more of the others expressed better APR to powdery mildew than the more resistant parent, Bainong 64. Thus, pyramiding these two QTLs with one or more of QPm.caas-2BS, QPm.caas-2BL, and QPm.caas-2DL from Lumai 21 could be a desirable strategy to breed cultivars with high levels of durable resistance to powdery mildew. Experienced breeders with a good knowledge of minor genes can achieve APR by phenotypic selection, and selection by molecular markers will still require uniform field testing for powdery mildew and disease phenotype to validate the resistance. These results provided very useful information for pyramiding APR QTLs in wheat breeding programs.

Additional keywords: adult-plant resistance gene, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, gene combinations, molecular markers, Triticum aestivum.


References

Bai GH, Shaner G, Ohm H (2000) Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium graminearum in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100, 1–8.
Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium graminearum in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bennett F (1984) Resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: a review of its use in agriculture and breeding programmes. Plant Pathology 33, 279–300.
Resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: a review of its use in agriculture and breeding programmes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bhavani S, Singh RP, Argillier O, Huerta-Espino J, Singh S, Njau P, Brun S, Lacam S, Desmouceaux N (2011) Mapping durable adult plant stem rust resistance to the race Ug99 group in six CIMMYT wheats. In ‘2011 BGRI Technical Workshop’. St. Paul, Minnesota. pp. 44–53. (Borlaug Global Rust Initiative, Cornell University: Ithaca, NY). Available at: www.globalrust.org/db/attachments/knowledge/122/2/Bhavani-revised.pdf

Castro AJ, Chen XM, Hayes PM, Johnston M (2003) Pyramiding quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles determining resistance to barley stripe rust: effects on resistance at the seedling stage. Crop Science 43, 651–659.
Pyramiding quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles determining resistance to barley stripe rust: effects on resistance at the seedling stage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmt1erurs%3D&md5=1f9dc2a6c21e042932ffea1279ddbb84CAS |

Clarkson JDS (2000) Virulence survey report for wheat powdery mildew in Europe, 1996–1998. Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Bulletin. Available at: www.crpmb.org/2000/1204clarkson.

Conner RL, Kuzyk AD, Su H (2003) Impact of powdery mildew on the yield of soft white spring wheat cultivars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, 725–728.
Impact of powdery mildew on the yield of soft white spring wheat cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dekkers JCM, Hospital F (2002) The use of molecular genetics in the improvement of agricultural populations. Nature Reviews Genetics 3, 22–32.
The use of molecular genetics in the improvement of agricultural populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhsV2gsbw%3D&md5=ec3c8f998f49eca4f16d8eba4e23ab8fCAS |

He ZH, Lan CX, Chen XM, Zou YC, Zhuang QS, Xia XC (2011) Progress and perspective in research of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew in wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 44, 2193–2215.
Progress and perspective in research of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Huang XQ, Hsam SLK, Zeller FJ (1997) Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). IX: cultivars, land races and breeding lines grown in China. Plant Breeding 116, 233–238.
Identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). IX: cultivars, land races and breeding lines grown in China.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Krattinger SG, Lagudah ES, Spielmeyer W, Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, McFadden H, Bossolini E, Selter LL, Keller B (2009) A putative ABC transporter confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens in wheat. Science 323, 1360–1363.
A putative ABC transporter confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisFemtbg%3D&md5=0a0662188f74271aeedd22341a18a3f3CAS |

Lan CX, Liang SS, Wang ZL, Yan J, Zhang Y, Xia XC, He ZH (2009) Quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat cultivar Bainong 64. Phytopathology 99, 1121–1126.
Quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat cultivar Bainong 64.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lan CX, Ni XW, Yan J, Zhang Y, Xia XC, Chen XM, He ZH (2010) Quantitative trait loci mapping of adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat cultivar Lumai 21. Molecular Breeding 25, 615–622.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat cultivar Lumai 21.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtlagt7c%3D&md5=5faae05ddbc5b926c223f2ba957fc891CAS |

Lin F, Chen XM (2009) Quantitative trait loci for non-race-specific, high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Express. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 118, 631–642.
Quantitative trait loci for non-race-specific, high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Express.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvVOhs7Y%3D&md5=738de76a28802ecf525ba0b409c8c472CAS |

Lu QX, Szabo-Hever A, Åsmund B, Lillemo M, Semagn K, Mesterhazy A, Ji F, Shi JR, Skinnes H (2011) Two major resistance quantitative trait loci are required to counteract the increased susceptibility to Fusarium head blight of the Rht-D1b dwarfing gene in wheat. Crop Science 51, 2430–2438.
Two major resistance quantitative trait loci are required to counteract the increased susceptibility to Fusarium head blight of the Rht-D1b dwarfing gene in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lu YM, Lan CX, Liang SS, Zhou XC, Liu D, Zhou G, Lu QL, Jing JX, Wang MN, Xia XC, He ZH (2009) QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Italian common wheat cultivars Libellula and Strampelli. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119, 1349–1359.
QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in Italian common wheat cultivars Libellula and Strampelli.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlKisrrK&md5=98afacc14a15aa9cd5b8ef02685c8c7eCAS |

Luo PG, Luo YH, Chang ZJ, Zhang HY, Zhang M, Ren ZL (2009) Characterization and chromosomal location of Pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from Elytrigia intermedium. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 118, 1059–1064.
Characterization and chromosomal location of Pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from Elytrigia intermedium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktFekt70%3D&md5=3448ac89825d6fa9f7e9776fda652c67CAS |

Ma HQ, Kong ZX, Fu BS, Li N, Zhang LX, Jia HY, Ma ZQ (2011) Identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6D of common wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 123, 1099–1106.
Identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6D of common wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlSqt7zO&md5=f84b97e15ef41faec3c85f7d2e20dbbcCAS |

McIntosh RA, Dubcovsky J, Rogers WJ, Morris CF, Appels R, Xia XC (2011) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat: 2011 supplement. Available at: www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/genes/macgene/supplement2011.pdf.

Miedaner T, Schilling AG, Geiger HH (2001) Molecular genetic diversity and variation of aggressiveness in population of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmurum sampled from wheat fields in different countries. Journal of Phytopathology 149, 641–648.
Molecular genetic diversity and variation of aggressiveness in population of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmurum sampled from wheat fields in different countries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVGmsw%3D%3D&md5=803e76d1c94fa6b4dc20486ddb2f8807CAS |

Miedaner T, Wilde F, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Korzun V, Ebmeyer E (2006) Stacking quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium head blight resistance from non-adapted sources in an European elite spring wheat background and assessing their effects on deoxynivalenol (DON) content and disease severity. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 112, 562–569.
Stacking quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium head blight resistance from non-adapted sources in an European elite spring wheat background and assessing their effects on deoxynivalenol (DON) content and disease severity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnt1yjsb8%3D&md5=e737566d320d91ece6882ecb3c68b1b5CAS |

Niks RE, Rubiales D (2002) Potentially durable resistance mechanisms in plants to specialized fungal pathogens. Euphytica 124, 201–216.
Potentially durable resistance mechanisms in plants to specialized fungal pathogens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkslKntr0%3D&md5=5ab943156419e53fd2d48e9701144cedCAS |

Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Bhavani S, Herrera-Foessel SA, Singh D, Singh PK, Velu G, Mason RE, Jin Y, Njau P, Crossa J (2011) Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT spring wheats. Euphytica 179, 175–186.
Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT spring wheats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Rajaram S (2000) Achieving near-immunity to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat by combining slow rusting resistance genes. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 35, 133–139.

Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, William HM (2005) Genetics and breeding for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 29, 121–127.
Genetics and breeding for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltVWksb0%3D&md5=12157bf7a45eb2d76f203a29f80af46dCAS |