Follicle-enclosed mouse oocytes contain numerous calcium deposits. The ultrastructural distribution of calcium deposits in the nuclei, mitochondria and cytoplasm of mouse oocytes and granulosa cells of primary, secondary and antral follicles was examined using the combined oxalate–pyroantimonate method. The mitochondria of oocytes from all types of follicles had the highest levels of calcium deposits of all oocyte compartments, with the exception of primary follicles, in which oocyte nuclei contained the same level of calcium deposits as the mitochondria. Calcium deposits in the cytoplasm of oocytes from primary follicles were significantly lower than those in the cytoplasm of oocytes from secondary and antral follicles. Calcium deposits in the cytoplasm of granulosa cells were significantly lower than calcium deposits in the mitochondria of granulosa cells and this difference persisted throughout all categories of follicles. Calcium deposits in the nuclei of granulosa cells did not differ from levels in the mitochondria in primary and secondary follicles. In contrast, the nuclei of granulosa cells from antral follicles had lower levels of calcium deposits than the mitochondria. The differences observed in calcium deposits in various cellular compartments in oocytes and granulosa cells in the follicles of ovaries of adult mice can be attributed to their acquisition of meiotic competence and follicular development.