Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile and Anatase in Air- and Water-Stable Ionic Liquids with and without Isopropanol as a Cosolvent

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doi:10.1071/CH08151

Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile and Anatase in Air- and Water-Stable Ionic Liquids with and without Isopropanol as a Cosolvent

Mohammad Al Zoubi ^A, Hala K. Farag ^A ^B, Frank Endres ^A ^C

^A Faculty of Natural and Materials Sciences, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
^B Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
^C Corresponding author. Email: frank.endres@tu-clausthal.de





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Australian Journal of Chemistry 61(9) 704–711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH08151
Submitted: 12 April 2008 Accepted: 11 June 2008 Published online: 5 September 2008

Abstract

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ with pure rutile and pure anatase phases was prepared at moderate reaction temperatures by hydrolysis of TiCl₄ in different air- and water-stable ionic liquids with the same anion ([Py_1,4]Tf₂N, [EMIM]Tf₂N, and [P_14,6,6,6]Tf₂N), in isopropanol and in cosolvent of ionic liquid/isopropanol under different reaction conditions. The type of cation in the ionic liquid influences the morphology of the rutile phase: cone-like morphology was obtained in the case of [Py_1,4]⁺ and [P_14,6,6,6]⁺ ions and wormhole-like in the case of [EMIM]⁺. In the case of anatase, no significant effect was found. The influence of various reaction conditions like acidity of solution, solvent type, precursor type, and precursor concentration on the phase formation and morphology of titania were investigated.