Mapping the spatial distribution of individual species is an important ecological and forestry issue that requires continued research to coincide with advances in remote-sensing technologies. In this study, we investigated the application of high spatial resolution (80 cm) Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager 2 (CASI-2) data for mapping both spectrally complex species and species groups (subgenus grouping) in an Australian eucalypt forest. The relationships between spectral reflectance curves of individual tree species and identified statistical differences among species were analysed with ANOVA. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications were then performed to assess tree species separability in CASI-2 imagery. Results indicated that turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera Smith), mesic vegetation (primarily rainforest species), and an amalgamated group of eucalypts could be readily distinguished. The discrimination of S. glomulifera was particularly robust, with consistently high classification accuracies. Eucalypt classification as a broader species group, rather than individual species, greatly improved classification performance. However, separating sunlit and shaded aspects of tree crowns did not increase classification accuracy.