Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Source and frequency of dry season lipid supplementation of grazing, finishing cattle

Márcia Cristina Araújo Santana A , Bruno Ramalho Vieira B , Diogo Fleury Costa C G , Paulo Henrique Moura Dian D , Giovani Fiorentini B , Roberta Carrilho Canesin B , Gener Tadeu Pereira E , Ricardo Andrade Reis E F and Telma Teresinha Berchielli E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Goiania, GO, 74610060, Brazil.

B Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil.

C Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos, Sao Joao da Boa Vista, SP, 1387414900, Brazil and University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil.

D Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, Descalvado, SP, 08230030, Brazil.

E Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884900, Brazil 14884900.

F Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brasília, DF, 71605001, Brazil and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Ciencia Animal, Viçosa, MG, 36570000, Brazil.

G Corresponding author. Email: fleury.diogo@usp.br

Animal Production Science 55(6) 745-751 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN13458
Submitted: 2 November 2013  Accepted: 25 March 2014   Published: 26 June 2014

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sources of soybean oil [ground soybean (GS), soybean oil (SO) and calcium salts of soybean oil (CS)] on DM intake (DMI), ingestive behaviour and average daily gain (ADG) of heifers grazing marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) supplemented in two frequencies [daily and 3 days a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday – MWF)]. The experiment was conducted from July until November of 2007. Forty-two crossbred heifers (1/4 Nellore × 1/4 Santa Gertrudis × 1/2 Braunvieh), 17-months old and 297.1 kg ± 30.5 BW ± s.e.m., were used. Supplements were offered at 0.75% BW.day. Treatments were allocated in a completely randomised design and distributed in a factorial arrangement (3 × 2 – SO from three different sources and two supplementation frequencies). Total DMI was greater in August and October (2.2 kg DM/kg BW) than in November (1.5 kg DM/kg BW). There was an effect of SO source on total DM, herbage and nutrients intake, but no effects of supplementation frequency. The animals supplemented with SO had greater DMI (P < 0.05) than the ones fed GS and CS. Average daily gain (0.580 g) was not affected by supplement sources or feeding frequency. Therefore, GS and CS are more efficient supplements. Supplementation frequency altered grazing time differently according to source. The MWF treatment resulted in a decreased grazing time when GS and SO were fed. However, in days when supplements were not offered, grazing time was increased for GS and CS. It was concluded that a decreased frequency of supplementation may be implemented without effect on weight gain and will reduce labour and machinery costs.

Additional keywords: Brachiaria brizantha, calcium salts, performance, soybean.


References

Allen MS (2000) Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1598–1624.
Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltVGgtb0%3D&md5=7817d0d67447a47c4db4f9aca64b3833CAS | 10908065PubMed |

Berchielli TT, Canesin RC, Andrade P (2006) Estratégias de suplementação para ruminantes em pastagem. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia/Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 35, 353–370.

Bohnert DW, Shauer CS, DelCurto T (2002) Influence of rumen protein degradability and supplementation frequency on steers consuming low-quality forage: cow performance and efficiency of nitrogen use in wethers. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1629–1637.

Canesin RC, Berchielli TT, Andrade P, Reis RA (2007) Desempenho de bovinos de corte mantidos em pastagem de capim-marandu submetidos a diferentes estratégias de suplementação no período das águas e da seca. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia / Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 36, 411–420.

Canesin RC, Berchielli TT, Andrade P, Reis RA, Resende KT, Teixeira IAMA (2009) Desempenho de bovinos em pastejo submetidos a duas frequências de suplementação no período da seca. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 31, 417–423.

Carvalho PCF (1997) A estrutura das pastagens e o comportamento ingestivo de ruminantes em pastejo. In ‘Proceedings of the Simpósio sobre avaliação de pastagens com animais’. (Eds Centro de Ciencias Agrarias/Universidade Estadual de Maringa) pp. 25–52. (Maringá, PR, Brazil)

Dove H, Moore AD (1995) Using a least-squares optimization procedure to estimate botanical composition based on the alkanes of plant cuticular wax. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, 1535–1544.
Using a least-squares optimization procedure to estimate botanical composition based on the alkanes of plant cuticular wax.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhtFylsLY%3D&md5=45b219c62b258b4a61fc4b004050b0cdCAS |

Dove H, Mayes RW, Lamb CS, Ellis KJ (2002) Factors influencing the release rate of alkanes from an intra-ruminal, controlled-release device, and the resultant accuracy of intake estimation in sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 681–696.
Factors influencing the release rate of alkanes from an intra-ruminal, controlled-release device, and the resultant accuracy of intake estimation in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt1Clurk%3D&md5=5791dd7894e2ce5f69d5e8a5a6e47be3CAS |

Euclides VPB, Flores R, Medeiros RN, Oliveira PO (2007) Diferimento de pastos de braquiaria cultivares Basilisk e Marandu, na região do cerrado. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 42, 273–280.
Diferimento de pastos de braquiaria cultivares Basilisk e Marandu, na região do cerrado.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Euclides VPB, Macedo MCM, Valle CB, Difante GS, Barbosa RA, Cacere ER (2009) Valor nutritivo da forragem e produção animal em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 44, 98–106.
Valor nutritivo da forragem e produção animal em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Farmer CG, Cochran RC, Simms DD, Klevesahl EA, Wickersham TA, Johnson DE (2001) The effects of several supplementation frequencies on forage use and performance of beef cattle consuming dormant tallgrass prairie forage. Journal of Animal Science 79, 2276–2285.

Fiorentini G, Sampaio AA, Reis RA, Berchielli TT, Sampaio AAM, Santana MCA, Ribeiro AF (2012) Intake and performance of confined crossbred heifers fed different lipid sources. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia/Brazilian. Journal of Animal Science 41, 1490–1498.

Horwitz W (Ed.) (2000) ‘Official methods of analysis.’ 17th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Gaithersburg, MD)

Huston JE, Lippke H, Forbes TDA (1999) Effects of supplemental feeding interval on adult cows in western Texas. Journal of Animal Science 77, 3057–3067.

Köppen W (1948) ‘Climatologia: con un estudio de los climas de la tierra.’ (Fondo de Cultura Economica: Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico)

Machado LAM, Fabrício AC, Assis PGG, Maraschin GE (2007) Estrutura do dossel em pastagens de capim marandu submetidas a quatro ofertas de lâminas foliares. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 42, 1495–1501.
Estrutura do dossel em pastagens de capim marandu submetidas a quatro ofertas de lâminas foliares.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Machado LAM, Fabrício AC, Gomes A, De Assis PGG, Lempp B, Maraschin GE (2008) Estrutura do dossel em pastagens de capim marandu submetidas a quatro ofertas de lâminas foliares. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 43, 1609–1616.
Estrutura do dossel em pastagens de capim marandu submetidas a quatro ofertas de lâminas foliares.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morais JAS, Berchielli TT, De Vega A, Queiroz MFS, Keli A, Reis RA, Bertipaglia LMA, Souza SF (2011) The validity of n-alkanes to estimate intake and digestibility in Nellore beef cattle fed a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). Livestock Science 135, 184–192.
The validity of n-alkanes to estimate intake and digestibility in Nellore beef cattle fed a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

National Research Council (2001) ‘Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle.’ 7th edn. (The National Academies Press: Washington, DC)

Oliván M, Osoro K (1999) Effect of temperature on alkane extraction from faeces and herbage. The Journal of Agricultural Science 132, 305–311.
Effect of temperature on alkane extraction from faeces and herbage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Oliveira AP, Bertipaglia LMA, Melo GMP, Berchielli TT, Ruggieri AC, Casagrande DR, Reis RA (2012) Performance of supplemented heifers on Marandu grass pastures in the wet-to-dry transition and dry seasons. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia / Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 41, 2255–2262.

Poppi DP, Hughes TP, L’Huillier PJ (1987) Intake of pasture by grazing animals. In ‘Proceedings of the livestock feeding on pasture’. Occasional Publication 10. (Ed. AM Nicol) pp. 55–63. (The New Zealand Society of Animal Production, Auckland, NZ)

Reis RA, Ruggieri AC, Casagrande DR, Páscoa AG (2009) Suplementação da dieta de bovinos de corte como estratégia do manejo das pastagens. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia/Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 38, 147–159.

Restle J, Brondani IL (1998) Eficiência na terminação de vacas e novilhas. In ‘Proceedings of Produção intensiva com qualidade em bovinos de corte’. (Eds J Restle, IL Brondani) pp. 49–57. (The Universidade Federal de Santa Maria: Santa Maria, SC, Brazil)

Saliba EO (2005) Uso de indicadores: passado, presente e futuro. In ‘Proceedings of the conference of markers on animal nutrition’. pp. 4–22. (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil)

Santos FAP, Costa DFA, Correia PS, Ramalho TR (2007) Sistemas intensivos de recria de bovinos com suplementação em pastagens e terminação em confinamento (Intensive systems of grazing cattle supplementation, and feedlot finishing). In ‘Proceedings of the 6th beef cattle symposium’. (Eds FA Portela, JC de Moura) pp. 183–220. (Fundação de Estudos Agrários ‘Luiz de Queiroz’: Piracicaba, SP, Brazil)

SAS Institute (2004) ‘SAS/STAT 9.0. User’s guide.’ (SAS: Cary, NC)

Ueda K, Ferlay A, Chabrot J, Loor JJ, Chilliard Y, Doreau M (2003) Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate rations. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3999–4007.
Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate rations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVWgs7fP&md5=6406a48b9771f61d366b9aa548bd6022CAS | 14740838PubMed |

Valadares Filho SC, Marcondes MI (2009) Utilização de indicadores na avaliação do consumo de animais: Estado da arte. In ‘Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium of advances and research techniques on ruminant nutrition’. pp. 152–168. (FZEA: Pirassununga, SP, Brazil)

Van Soest PJ (1994) ‘Nutritional ecology of the ruminant.’ 2nd edn. (Comstock Publishing: Ithaca, NY)

Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB (1985) ‘Analysis of forages and fibrous foods: a laboratory manual for animal science.’ (Cornell University: Ithaca, NY)