Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Gossypol was not detected in the longissimus muscle of lambs fed several forms of cottonseed

P. G. Viana A , P. M. T. Lima B D , T. P. Paim B , J. R. Souza C , A. M. M. Dantas C , E. F. Pereira C , V. Gonçalves C , C. McManus A , A. L. Abdalla B and H. Louvandini B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70910900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

B Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, N. A. P. T. I. S. A., Av. Centenário, 13416000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

C Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70910900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

D Corresponding author. Email: pmtlima@cena.usp.br

Animal Production Science 55(6) 812-817 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14035
Submitted: 24 January 2014  Accepted: 14 May 2014   Published: 15 September 2014

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth performance, carcass characteristics, 12th rib tissue composition, haematological and serum biochemical parameters, as well as the presence of gossypol residues in the meat of Santa Inês lambs fed cotton crop by-products. For an experimental period of 90 days, 24 intact male Santa Inês lambs (bodyweight (BW): 20.6 ± 1.9 kg; 4 months old) were fed a 50 : 50 forage : concentrate diets fed ad libitum. Chopped Coast cross (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) hay was used as forage. The animals were then allocated into four treatments, according to the cotton crop by-product included in the concentrate formulation: Control (CON) – No cotton crop by-product used in formulation; Whole cottonseed (WCS); Cottonseed cake (CSC); and Cottonseed meal (CSM). The animals were weighed and blood collected every 15 days. At the end of the experimental period, the lambs were slaughtered and the evaluations of carcass characteristics, 12th rib tissue composition and presence of gossypol residues in the meat were carried out. Dry matter intake was higher (P < 0.05) for the diets containing cotton crop by-products, but BW gains were not different (P > 0.05). Despite these results the animals fed the highest level of gossypol (WCS) had lower (P < 0.05) carcass yield resulting in lower (P < 0.05) carcass weight, suggesting a possible negative effect of gossypol on carcass development. Serum urea was elevated on all treatments including CON, otherwise haematological and biochemical parameters were within reference ranges. No gossypol residues in meat were detected by the method used here, which had a minimum detection limit of 20 ppb. It is concluded that the cotton crop by-products may have impaired carcass production but did not leave gossypol residues in lamb meat.

Additional keywords: alternative feeds, by-products, carcass traits, cotton seed.


References

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1995) ‘Official methods of analysis of the AOAC.’ (AOAC International: Arlington).

Bampidis VA, Robinson PH (2006) Citrus by-products as ruminant feeds: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 128, 175–217.
Citrus by-products as ruminant feeds: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bernardes EB, Coelho SG, Carvalho AU, Oliveira HN, Reis RB, Saturnino HM, Silva CA, Costa TC (2007) Efeito da substituição de feno Tifton 85 pelo caroço de algodão como fonte de fibra na dieta de bezerros. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, 955–964.
Efeito da substituição de feno Tifton 85 pelo caroço de algodão como fonte de fibra na dieta de bezerros.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Blauwiekel R, Xu S, Harrison JH, Loney KA, Riley RE, Calhoun MC (1997) Effect of whole cottonseed, gossypol and ruminally protected lysine supplementation on milk yield and composition. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1358–1365.
Effect of whole cottonseed, gossypol and ruminally protected lysine supplementation on milk yield and composition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXks1Ogsrg%3D&md5=0d2202d9c9aaa1b92c8719dc5fe45b09CAS | 9241597PubMed |

Botsoglou N (1991) Determination of “free” gossypol in cottonseed and cottonseed meals by second-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, 478–482.
Determination of “free” gossypol in cottonseed and cottonseed meals by second-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXht1SgtLc%3D&md5=1a273ad8c1dc597939a10950e34b611fCAS |

Braun JP, Lefebvre HP (2008) Kidney function and damage. In ‘Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals’ (Eds JJ Kaneko, JW Harvey, ML Bruss) pp. 584–528. (Elsevier: San Diego, CA).

Cañeque V, Pérez C, Velasco S, Díaz MT, Lauzurica S, Álvarez I, Huidobro FR, Onega E, De La Fuente J (2004) Carcass and meat quality of light lambs using principal component analysis. Meat Science 67, 595–605.
Carcass and meat quality of light lambs using principal component analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22061809PubMed |

European Food Safety Authority (2008) Gossypol as an undesirable in animal feed – Scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain. EFSA Journal 908, 1–55.

Galvani DB, Pires CC, Wommer TP, Oliveira F, Bolzan AMS, François P (2008) Carcass traits of feedlot crossbred lambs slaughtered at different live weights. Ciência Rural 38, 1711–1717.
Carcass traits of feedlot crossbred lambs slaughtered at different live weights.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Grainger C, Clarke T, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, Eckard RJ (2008) Supplementation with whole cottonseed reduces methane emissions and profitably increases milk production of dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, 73–76.
Supplementation with whole cottonseed reduces methane emissions and profitably increases milk production of dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovVKm&md5=4093b5a206133b9cd8ed8e589eddcd2bCAS |

Grasser LA, Fadel JG, Garnett I, De Peters EJ (1995) Quantity and economic importance of nine selected by-products used in California dairy rations. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 962–971.
Quantity and economic importance of nine selected by-products used in California dairy rations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlt1CksbY%3D&md5=525c7df26b05e5503ba493e595468b81CAS | 7790589PubMed |

Kandylis K, Nikokyris PN, Deligiannis K (1999) Performance of growing-fattening lambs fed diets containing different proportions of cotton seed meal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79, 1613–1619.
Performance of growing-fattening lambs fed diets containing different proportions of cotton seed meal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmt1Wjsb4%3D&md5=7066e280ee0bd84d455ef7091db67a1bCAS |

Louvandini H, Nunes GA, Garcia JAS, McManus C, Costa DM, Araújo SC (2007) Desempenho, características de carcaça e constituintes corporais de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com farelo de girassol em substituição do farelo de soja na dieta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 36, 603–609.
Desempenho, características de carcaça e constituintes corporais de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com farelo de girassol em substituição do farelo de soja na dieta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Luginbuhl JM, Poore MH, Conrad AP (2000) Effect of level of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and performance of growing male goats fed hay-based diets. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1677–1683.

Mertens DR (2002) Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 85, 1217–1240.

National Research Council (2007) ‘Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids and new world chamelids.’(National Academy Press: Washington, DC).

Oliveira PB, Lima PMT, Campeche A, Mendonça S, Laviola BG, McManus C, Louvandini H (2013) Growth and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed diet supplemented with physic nut meal free of phorbol ester. Small Ruminant Research 114, 20–25.
Growth and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed diet supplemented with physic nut meal free of phorbol ester.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Paim TP, Louvandini H, McManus CM, Abdalla AL (2010) Uso de subprodutos do algodão na nutrição de ruminantes. Ciência Veterinária nos Trópicos 13, 24–37.

Paulino MF, Detmann E, Valadares Filho SC, Lana RP (2002) Soja grão e caroço de algodão em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos mestiços em pastejo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31, 484–491.
Soja grão e caroço de algodão em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos mestiços em pastejo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Preston RL, Schnakenberg DD, Pfander WH (1965) Protein utilization in ruminants. The Journal of Nutrition 86, 281–288.

Pugh DG (2005) ‘Clínica de ovinos e caprinos’ (Roca: São Paulo).

Randel RD, Chase CC, Wyse SJ (1992) Effects of gossypol and cottonseed products on reproduction of mammals. Journal of Animal Science 70, 1628–1638.

Reiser R, Fu HC (1962) The mechanism of gossypol detoxification by ruminant animals. The Journal of Nutrition 76, 215–218.

Regulation of Industrial and Sanitary Inspection for Products of Animal Origin (1952) ‘Establishments and derivatives’. Chapter I, law n. 1283, decree 30691, Brazil.

Risco CA, Holmberg CA, Kutches A (1992) Effect of graded concentrations of gossypol on calf performance: toxicological and pathological considerations. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2787–2798.
Effect of graded concentrations of gossypol on calf performance: toxicological and pathological considerations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnvFKnsQ%3D%3D&md5=35370b980b1d1e8b173069849e5599e2CAS | 1430484PubMed |

Silva LF, Pires CC (2000) Avaliações quantitativas e predição de proporções de osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça em ovinos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 29, 1253–1260.
Avaliações quantitativas e predição de proporções de osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça em ovinos.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Viana FAB (2007) ‘Guia terapêutico veterinário’ (Cem: Lagoa Santa).

Wang MZ (1987) Analysis of gossypol by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 20, 1–11.
Analysis of gossypol by high performance liquid chromatography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXlsVOnurg%3D&md5=4b6d0b471cba56c4633e32ac0b655698CAS | 3626590PubMed |

Zhang WJ, Xu ZR, Pan XL, Yan XH, Wang YB (2007) Advances in gossypol toxicity and processing effects of whole cottonseed in dairy cows feeding. Livestock Science 111, 1–9.
Advances in gossypol toxicity and processing effects of whole cottonseed in dairy cows feeding.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |