Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Immediate, cumulative and residual effects of short- and long-term low plane of nutrition on milk protein and casein composition

F. C. Cowley A E , D. G. Barber B D , A. R. Anstis B , A. Houlihan C and D. P. Poppi A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Lawes, Qld 4343, Australia.

B Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Lawes, Qld 4343, Australia.

C Innovative Food Technologies, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia.

D Present address: Parmalat Australia, Level 5, 35 Boundary Street, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia.

E Corresponding author. Email: f.cowley@uq.edu.au

Animal Production Science 54(9) 1374-1380 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14299
Submitted: 13 March 2014  Accepted: 29 May 2014   Published: 24 July 2014

Abstract

Immediate and residual effects of two lengths of low plane of nutrition (PON) on the synthesis of milk protein and protein fractions were studied at the Mutdapilly Research Station, in south-east Queensland. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, between 46 and 102 days in milk (DIM) initially, were used in a completely randomised design experiment with three treatments. All cows were fed on a basal diet of ryegrass pasture (7.0 kg DM/cow.day), barley-sorghum concentrate mix (2.7 kg DM/cow.day) and a canola meal-mineral mix (1.3 kg DM/cow.day). To increase PON, 5.0 kg DM/cow.day supplemental maize and forage sorghum silage was added to the basal diet. The three treatments were (C) high PON (basal diet + supplemental silage); (L9) low PON (basal diet only) for a period of 9 weeks; and (L3) low PON (basal diet only) for a period of 3 weeks. The experiment comprised three periods (1) covariate – high PON, all groups (5 weeks), (2) period of low PON for either 3 weeks (L3) or 9 weeks (L9), and (3) period of high PON (all groups) to assess ability of cows to recover any production lost as a result of treatments (5 weeks). The low PON treatment periods for L3 and L9 were end-aligned so that all treatment groups began Period 3 together. Although there was a significant effect of L9 on yields of milk, protein, fat and lactose, and concentrations of true protein, whey protein and urea, these were not significantly different from L3. There were no residual effects of L3 or L9 on protein concentration or nitrogen distribution after 5 weeks of realimentation. There was no significant effect of low PON for 3 or 9 weeks on casein concentration or composition.

Additional keywords: pasture, silage, underfeeding, urea, whey protein.


References

Auldist MJ, Grainger C, Houlihan AV, Mayes JJ, Williams RPW (2010) Composition, coagulation properties, and cheesemaking potential of milk from cows undergoing extended lactations in a pasture-based dairying system. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 1401–1411.
Composition, coagulation properties, and cheesemaking potential of milk from cows undergoing extended lactations in a pasture-based dairying system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXms1artb8%3D&md5=71783892fa73b6c9fee29b8ebc9d4007CAS | 20338417PubMed |

Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Grassl M (Eds) (1985) ‘Methods of enzymatic analysis. Metabolites 3: lipids, amino acids and related compounds.’ (VCH Publications: New York)

Broster WH, Broster VJ (1984) Reviews of the progress of dairy science: long term effects of plane of nutrition on the performance of the dairy cow. The Journal of Dairy Research 51, 149–196.
Reviews of the progress of dairy science: long term effects of plane of nutrition on the performance of the dairy cow.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7mt1yluw%3D%3D&md5=a2f54e868e2fc781deabe40b9e205e87CAS | 6368622PubMed |

Coulon JB, Remond B (1991) Variations in milk output and milk protein content in response to the level of energy supply to the dairy cow: a review. Livestock Production Science 29, 31–47.
Variations in milk output and milk protein content in response to the level of energy supply to the dairy cow: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Coulon JB, Hurtaud C, Remond B, Verite R (1998) Factors contributing to variation in the proportion of casein in cow’s milk true protein: a review of recent INRA experiments. The Journal of Dairy Research 65, 375–387.
Factors contributing to variation in the proportion of casein in cow’s milk true protein: a review of recent INRA experiments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsVKksbw%3D&md5=fe1c55d7ef1507c0f52852a71aa2f97cCAS | 9718491PubMed |

Coulon JB, DuPont D, Pochet S, Pradel P, DuPloyer H (2001) Effect of genetic potential and level of feeding on milk protein composition. The Journal of Dairy Research 68, 569–577.
Effect of genetic potential and level of feeding on milk protein composition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFKnu7w%3D&md5=57e90e8ab3ce30c24f59d0f3fb29cd00CAS | 11928953PubMed |

Cowan RT, Moss RJ, Goodwin PG, Fulkerson WJ (1998) Efficiency in feeding systems for subtropical dairy production. In ‘Animal production in Australia: proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production’, 22nd biennial conference, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, 20–24 April 1998. 22, 125–128.

Grainger C, Wilhelms G (1979) Effect of duration and pattern of underfeeding in early lactation on milk production and reproduction of dairy cows. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 19, 395–401.
Effect of duration and pattern of underfeeding in early lactation on milk production and reproduction of dairy cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gray RM, Mackenzie DDS (1987) Effect of plane of nutrition on the concentration and yield of whey proteins in bovine milk. New Zealand Journal of Dairy Science and Technology 22, 157–165.

Groen AF, van der Vegt R, van Boekel MAJS, de Rouw OLAM, Vos H (1994) Case study on individual animal variation in milk protein composition as estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 48, 201–212.

Houlihan A, Barber DG, Deeth H, Cowan RT (2004) The influence of tropical feeding on the processability of milk (DAQ180). In ‘Milk protein: level, composition and processability’. Final combined report to Dairy Australia on projects: UQ062 Managing milk protein levels in dairy cows; UQ11161 Nutritional manipulation of milk protein concentration, composition and processability; DAQ180 The influence of tropical feeding of the processability of milk; DAQ11287 Milk characterisation for functionality indication. (Ed. DP Poppi) pp. 83–111. (University of Queensland: Brisbane)

Kefford B, Christian MP, Sutherland BJ, Mayes JJ, Grainger C (1995) Seasonal influences on Cheddar cheese manufacture: influence of diet quality and stage of lactation. The Journal of Dairy Research 62, 529–537.
Seasonal influences on Cheddar cheese manufacture: influence of diet quality and stage of lactation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnvVCgsL8%3D&md5=4ce657318af43bc497cf6d3c5a83991fCAS | 7593833PubMed |

Lacy-Hulbert SJ, Woolford MW, Nicholas GD, Prosser CG, Stelwagen K (1999) Effect of milking frequency and pasture intake on milk yield and composition of late lactation cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 1232–1239.
Effect of milking frequency and pasture intake on milk yield and composition of late lactation cows.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjvF2rtLg%3D&md5=a36eb9dc9b661bae1e3de6a68e13f52fCAS | 10386309PubMed |

Mackle TR, Bryant AM, Petch SF, Hill JP, Auldist MJ (1999a) Nutritional influences on the composition of milk from cows of different protein phenotypes in New Zealand. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 172–180.
Nutritional influences on the composition of milk from cows of different protein phenotypes in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpsVOrsA%3D%3D&md5=a1a1991f283be59558d7dac3c2bcc1b8CAS | 10022019PubMed |

Mackle TR, Bryant AM, Petch SF, Hooper RJ, Auldist MJ (1999b) Variation in the composition of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows in late lactation and the effect of grain and silage supplementation. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 147–154.
Variation in the composition of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows in late lactation and the effect of grain and silage supplementation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Murphy JJ, O’Mara F (1993) Nutritional manipulation of milk protein concentration and its impact on the dairy industry. Livestock Production Science 35, 117–134.
Nutritional manipulation of milk protein concentration and its impact on the dairy industry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

National Research Council (2001) ‘Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Computer model program for predicting nutrient requirements.’ (National Academy Press: Washington, DC)

O’Brien B, Murphy JJ, Connolly JF, Mehra R, Guinee TP, Stakelum G (1997) Effect of altering and daily herbage allowance in mid lactation on the composition and processing characteristics of bovine milk. The Journal of Dairy Research 64, 621–626.
Effect of altering and daily herbage allowance in mid lactation on the composition and processing characteristics of bovine milk.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnslGlsLw%3D&md5=b82589cabb231af6ac50a9cef3a20d5dCAS | 9403772PubMed |

Petch SF, Bryant AM, Napper AR (1997) Effects of pasture intake and grain supplementation on milk nitrogen fractions. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 57, 154–156.

Robins C, Stockdale A, Crosby J, Morton J (2003) ‘The condition magician: body condition scoring in dairy herds.’ (Department of Natural Resources and Environment: Melbourne)

Rohrmoser G, Kirchgessner M (1982) The effect on milk yield and composition from cows of energetic undernutrition and subsequent realimentation. Zuchtungskunde 54, 276–287.

Thomson NA, Kay JK, Bryant MO (2001) Effect of stage of lactation on the efficiency of Jersey and Friesian cows at converting pasture to milk production or liveweight gain. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 61, 213–216.

Visser S, Slangen CJ, Rollema HS (1991) Phenotyping of bovine milk proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. A 548, 361–370.
Phenotyping of bovine milk proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFOntr4%3D&md5=ffb381892d594305bafd7a3c8e5b6012CAS |

Walker GP, Dunshea FR, Doyle PT (2004) Effects of nutrition and management on the production and composition of milk fat and protein: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 1009–1028.
Effects of nutrition and management on the production and composition of milk fat and protein: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXovFOhurc%3D&md5=f75fe8d9b083d9971e005ebebf43eb91CAS |