The navel orange cultivar Lanes Late is an important export commodity for the Australian citrus industry with key markets in Asia and the United States of America. Low temperatures during storage and transport are used to extend postharvest life and for the purpose of insect disinfestation, making fruit more prone to chilling injury. The effects of low temperature and storage duration on the development of chilling injury were therefore examined. Cartons of about 100 fruit were stored at 3, 1 or –1°C for 0, 10, 20 or 30 days before transfer to a 22°C post-storage observation room. Fruit were assessed for chilling injury at transfer and every 10 days post-storage for 30 days. At all observation times the main effects of temperature and storage duration on the incidence of chilling injury and chilling injury index were significant with no interaction. The highest incidences of chilling injury were observed for fruit stored at –1°C (21%) and for 30 days (28%). Similarly, the chilling injury index was greatest for fruit stored at –1°C (0.47) for 30 days compared with fruit stored at 3 and 1°C (0.34 and 0.27, respectively). The incidence of chilling injury and the chilling injury index increased 2.1- and 3.0-fold, respectively, between the 10 and 30 day post-storage observations. Moisture loss was positively correlated with the chilling injury index (R² = 0.53; P<0.001), supporting the hypothesis that moisture loss and time are important determinants of the expression of chilling injury. Based on this study, it is recommended that fruit storage and transit time be kept to ≤20 days and transport temperatures are maintained at ≥1°C. The expression of chilling injury could be minimised by reducing the post-storage handling time when moisture loss is expected to be highest.