References

Adkins, C. A., and Stott, P. (1998). Home ranges, movements and habitat associations of red foxes Vulpes vulpes in suburban Toronto, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 244, 335–346.

Anderson, D. J. (1982). The home range: a new nonparametric estimation technique. Ecology 63, 103–112.
| CrossRef |

Anich, N. M., Benson, T. J., and Bednarz, J. C. (2009). Estimating territory and home-range sizes: do singing locations alone provide an accurate estimate of space use? The Auk 126, 626–634.
| CrossRef |

Baker, P. J., Dowding, C. V., Molony, S. E., White, P. C. L., and Harris, S. (2007). Activity patterns of urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) reduce the risk of traffic-induced mortality. Behavioral Ecology 18, 716–724.
| CrossRef |

Banks, P. B. (1997). Predator–prey interactions between foxes, rabbits and native mammals of the Australian Alps. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sydney.

Bas, J. M., Pons, P., and Gomez, C. (2005). Home range and territory of the Sardinian warbler Sylvia melanocephala in Mediterranean shrubland Bird Study 52, 137–144.
| CrossRef |

Berghout, M. (2000). The ecology of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the central Tablelands of New South Wales. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Canberra.

Blanco, J. C. (1986). On the diet, size and use of home range and activity patterns of a red fox in central Spain. Acta Theriologica 31, 547–552.

Caccamise, D. F., and Hedin, R. S. (1985). An aerodynamic basis for selecting transmitter loads in birds. The Wilson Bulletin 97, 306–318.

Carter, A. (2010). Improving red fox (Vulpes vulpes) management for bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius) conservation in south-eastern Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, Charles Sturt University, Albury.

Carter, A., Luck, G. W., and McDonald, S. P. (2011). Fox-baiting in agricultural landscapes in south-eastern Australia: a case-study appraisal and suggestions for improvement. Ecological Management & Restoration 12, 214–223.
| CrossRef |

Cavallini, P. (1992). Ranging behaviour of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in rural southern Japan. Journal of Mammalogy 73, 321–325.
| CrossRef |

Cavallini, P. (1996). Ranging behaviour of red foxes during the mating and breeding seasons. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 8, 57–65.
| CrossRef |

Clarke, A. A. (2006). Exploring red fox (Vulpes vulpes) movement and baiting strategy on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. B.App.GIS(Honours) Thesis, Flinders University, Adelaide.

Coman, B. J., Robinson, J., and Beaumont, C. (1991). Home range, dispersal and density of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in central Victoria. Wildlife Research 18, 215–223.
| CrossRef |

Dahle, B., Støen, O. G., and Swenson, J. E. (2006). Factors influencing home-range size in subadult brown bears. Journal of Mammalogy 87, 859–865.
| CrossRef |

Dekker, J. J. A., Stein, A., and Heitkonig, I. M. A. (2001). A spatial analysis of a population of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Dutch coastal dune area. Journal of Zoology 255, 505–510.
| CrossRef |

Doncaster, C. P., and Macdonald, D. W. (1997). Activity patterns and interactions of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Oxford city. Journal of Zoology 241, 73–87.
| CrossRef |

Eguchi, K., and Nakazono, T. (1980). Activity studies of Japanese red foxes, Vulpes vulpes japonica Gray. Japanese Journal of Ecology 30, 9–17.

Fisher, D. O. (2000). Effects of vegetation structure, food and shelter on the home range and habitat use of an endangered wallaby. Journal of Applied Ecology 37, 660–671.
| CrossRef |

Garland, T. (1983). Scaling the ecological cost of transport to body mass in terrestrial mammals. American Naturalist 121, 571–587.
| CrossRef |

Gese, E. M., Andersen, D. E., and Rongstad, O. J. (1990). Determining home-range size of resident coyotes from point and sequential locations. Journal of Wildlife Management 54, 501–506.
| CrossRef |

Gołdyn, B., Hromada, M., Surmacki, A., and Tryjanowski, P. (2003). Habitat use and diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in an agricultural landscape in Poland. Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 49, 191–200.
| CrossRef |

Goszczyński, J. (2002). Home ranges in red fox: territoriality diminishes with increasing area. Acta Theriologica 47, 103–114.
| CrossRef |

Hansen, E. A., and Closs, G. P. (2005). Diel activity and home range size in relation to food supply in a drift-feeding stream fish. Behavioral Ecology 16, 640–648.
| CrossRef |

Harless, M. L., Walde, A. D., Delaney, D. K., Pater, L. L., and Hayes, W. K. (2009). Home range, spatial overlap, and burrow use of the desert tortoise in the West Mojave Desert. Copeia 2009, 378–389.
| CrossRef |

Harris, S., Cresswell, W. J., Forde, P. G., Trewhella, W. J., Woollard, T., and Wray, S. (1990). Home-range analysis using radio-tracking data – a review of problems and techniques particularly as applied to the study of mammals. Mammal Review 20, 97–123.
| CrossRef |

Harrison, R. L. (2002). Estimating gray fox home-range size using half-night observation periods. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30, 1273–1275.

Heaney, L. R. (2001). Small mammal diversity along elevational gradients in the Philippines: an assessment of patterns and hypotheses. Global Ecology and Biogeography 10, 15–39.
| CrossRef |

Hebblewhite, M., Percy, M., and Merrill, E. H. (2007). Are all Global Positioning System collars created equal? Correcting habitat-induced bias using three brands in the central Canadian Rockies. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 2026–2033.
| CrossRef |

Herr, J. (2008). Ecology and behaviour of urban stone martens (Martes foina) in Luxembourg. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sussex, Brighton.

Hersteinsson, P., and Macdonald, D. W. (1982). Some comparisons between red and arctic foxes, Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus, as revealed by radio tracking. In ‘Telemetric Studies of Vertebrates. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London’. (Eds C. L. Cheeseman and R. B. Mitson.) pp. 259–289. (Academic Press: London.)

Hooge, P. N., and Eichenlaub, B. (2000). ‘Animal Movement Extension to ArcView (Version 2.0).’ (Alaska Science Center—Biological Science Office, U.S. Geological Survey: Anchorage, AK.)

Jędrzejewski, W., Schmidt, K., Jędrzejewska, B., Theuerkauf, J., Kowalczyk, R., and Zub, K. (2004). The process of a wolf pack splitting in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica 49, 275–280.
| CrossRef |

Johnson, C. J., Heard, D. C., and Parker, K. L. (2002). Expectations and realities of GPS animal location collars: results of three years in the field. Wildlife Biology 8, 153–159.

Kay, B., Gifford, E., Perry, R., and van de Ven, R. (2000). Trapping efficiency for foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central New South Wales: age and sex biases and the effects of reduced fox abundance. Wildlife Research 27, 547–552.
| CrossRef |

Kenward, R. E. (1992). Quantity versus quality: programming for collection and analysis of radio tag data. In ‘Wildlife Telemetry: Remote Monitoring and Tracking of Animals’. (Eds I. G. Priede and S. M. Swift.) pp. 231–246. (Ellis Horwood: New York.)

Kenward, R. E. (2001). ‘A Manual for Wildlife Radio Tagging.’ rev. edn. (Academic Press: San Diego, CA.)

Kenward, R. E., Walls, S. S., South, A. B., and Casey, N. (2008). ‘Ranges8: For the Analysis of Tracking and Location Data.’ (Anatrack Ltd: Wareham, UK.)

Kernohan, B. J., Gitzen, R. A., and Millspaugh, J. J. (2001). Analysis of animal space use and movements. In ‘Radio Tracking and Animal Populations’. (Eds J. J. Millspaugh and J. M. Marzluff.) pp. 125–166. (Academic Press: San Diego, CA.)

Kochanny, C. O., Delgiudice, G. D., and Fieberg, J. (2009). Comparing global positioning system and very high frequency telemetry home ranges of white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 73, 779–787.
| CrossRef |

Koen, E. L., Bowman, J., Findlay, C. S., and Zheng, L. (2007). Home range and population density of fishers in eastern Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 1484–1493.
| CrossRef |

Krekorian, C. O. N. (1976). Home range size and overlap and their relationship to food abundance in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Herpetologica 32, 405–412.

Kwiatkowski, M. A., and Sullivan, B. K. (2002). Mating system structure and population density in a polygynous lizard, Sauromalus obesus (= ater). Behavioral Ecology 13, 201–208.
| CrossRef |

Larter, N. C., and Gates, C. C. (1994). Home-range size of wood bison: effects of age, sex, and forage availability. Journal of Mammalogy 75, 142–149.
| CrossRef |

Lavin, S. R., Van Deelen, T. R., Brown, P. W., Warner, R. E., and Ambrose, S. H. (2003). Prey use by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in urban and rural areas of Illinois. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, 1070–1082.
| CrossRef |

Lovari, S., Lucherini, M., and Crema, G. (1996). Individual variations in diets, activity and habitat use of red foxes in a Mediterranean rural area. Journal of Wildlife Research 1, 24–31.

Lucherini, M., Lovari, S., and Crema, G. (1995). Habitat use and ranging behaviour of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a Mediterranean rural area: is shelter availability a key factor? Journal of Zoology 237, 577–591.
| CrossRef |

Macdonald, D. W., Ball, F. G., and Hough, N. G. (1980). The evaluation of home range size and configuration using radio tracking data. In ‘A Handbook on Biotelemetry and Radio Tracking’. (Eds C. J. Amlaner, Jr and D. W. Macdonald.) pp. 405–424. (Pergamon Press: Oxford.)

Marks, C. A., and Bloomfield, T. E. (2006). Home range size and selection of natal den and diurnal shelter sites by urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Melbourne. Wildlife Research 33, 339–347.
| CrossRef |

Marlow, N. J. (1992). The ecology of the introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the arid zone. Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney.

Marlow, N. J., Thomson, P. C., Algar, D., Rose, K., Kok, N. E., and Sinagra, J. A. (2000). Demographic characteristics and social organisation of a population of red foxes in a rangeland area of Western Australia. Wildlife Research 27, 457–464.
| CrossRef |

Maurel, D. (1983). Movements and space utilization in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) as studied by radiotracking in the forest of Chizé. In ‘XV Congress International Fauna Cinegética y Silvestre, Trujillo, Spain’. pp. 421–433.

McLeod, R. (2004). ‘Counting the Cost: Impact of Invasive Animals in Australia 2004.’ (Cooperative Research Centre for Pest Animal Control: Canberra.)

McLoughlin, P., and Ferguson, S. (2000). A hierarchical pattern of limiting factors helps explain variation in home range size. Ecoscience 7, 123–130.

Meek, P. D. (1998). The biology of the European red fox and the free roaming dog on Bherwerre Peninsula, Jervis Bay. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Canberra.

Meek, P. D., and Saunders, G. (2000). Home range and movement of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in coastal New South Wales. Australian Wildlife Research 27, 663–668.
| CrossRef |

Meia, J. S., and Weber, J. M. (1995). Home ranges and movements of red foxes in central Europe: stability despite environmental changes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, 1960–1966.
| CrossRef |

Meia, J. S., and Weber, J. M. (1996). Social organization of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Zeitschrift für Saugetierkunde 61, 257–268.

Moseby, K. E., Stott, J., and Crisp, H. (2009). Movement patterns of feral predators in an arid environment – implications for control through poison baiting. Wildlife Research 36, 422–435.
| CrossRef |

Mulder, J. L. (1985). Spatial organisation, movements and dispersal in a Dutch red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population: some preliminary results. Revue d’écologie 40, 133–138.

Nams, V. O. (2006). ‘Locate III (Version 3.21).’ (Pacer Computer Software: Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia, Canada.)

Newsome, T. M. (2006). Home range shifts and density estimates of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in relation to a control exercise. M.App.Sc. Thesis, University of Sydney.

Odum, E. P., and Kuenzler, E. J. (1955). Measurement of territory and home range size in birds. The Auk 72, 128–137.

Owen, J. G. (1989). Patterns of herpetofaunal species richness: relation to temperature, precipitation, and variance in elevation. Journal of Biogeography 16, 141–150.
| CrossRef |

Pandolfi, M., Forconi, P., and Montecchiari, L. (1997). Spatial behaviour of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a rural area of central Italy. The Italian Journal of Zoology 64, 351–358.
| CrossRef |

Pellerin, M., Saïd, S., and Gaillard, J.-M. (2008). Roe deer Capreolus capreolus home-range sizes estimated from VHF and GPS data. Wildlife Biology 14, 101–110.
| CrossRef |

Rettie, W. J., and McLoughlin, P. D. (1999). Overcoming radiotelemetry bias in habitat-selection studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, 1175–1184.
| CrossRef |

Reynolds, J. C., and Tapper, S. C. (1995). The ecology of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in relation to small game in rural southern England. Wildlife Biology 1, 105–119.

Rhim, S.-J. (2006). Home range and habitat selection of hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia in a temperate forest of South Korea. Forest Ecology and Management 226, 22–25.
| CrossRef |

Robertson, A., Jarvis, A. M., Brown, C. J., and Simmons, R. E. (1998). Avian diversity and endemism in Namibia: patterns from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project. Biodiversity and Conservation 7, 495–511.
| CrossRef |

Rodgers, A. R., Rempel, R. S., and Abraham, K. F. (1996). A GPS-based telemetry system. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24, 559–566.

Saïd, S., Gaillard, J.-M., Widmer, O., Débias, F., Bourgoin, G., Delorme, D., and Roux, C. (2009). What shapes intra-specific variation in home range size? A case study of female roe deer. Oikos 118, 1299–1306.
| CrossRef |

Samuel, M. D., and Fuller, M. R. (1996). Wildlife radiotelemetry. In ‘Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats’. 5th edn. (Ed. T. A. Bookhout.) pp. 370–418. (The Wildlife Society: Bethseda, MD.)

Sanderson, G. C. (1966). The study of mammal movements: a review. Journal of Wildlife Management 30, 215–235.
| CrossRef |

Saunders, G., and McLeod, L. (2007). ‘Improving Fox Management Strategies in Australia.’ (Bureau of Rural Sciences: Canberra.)

Saunders, G., White, P. C. L., Harris, S., and Rayner, J. M. V. (1993). Urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes): food acquisition, time and energy budgeting of a generalized predator. In ‘Mammals as Predators: Symposia of the Zoological Society of London’. (Eds N. Dunstone and M. L. Gorman.) pp. 215–234. (Clarendon Press: Oxford.)

Saunders, G., Coman, B., Kinnear, J., and Braysher, M. (1995). ‘Managing Vertebrate Pests: Foxes.’ (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.)

Saunders, G., McIlroy, J., Berghout, M., Kay, B., Gifford, E., Perry, R., and van de Ven, R. (2002). The effects of induced sterility on the territorial behaviour and survival of foxes. Journal of Applied Ecology 39, 56–66.
| CrossRef |

Saunders, G. R., Gentle, M. N., and Dickman, C. R. (2010). The impacts and management of foxes Vulpes vulpes in Australia. Mammal Review 40, 181–211.
| CrossRef |

Schedvin, N. K. (2007). Distributional ecology of the barking owl Ninox connivens connivens in Victoria, Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, Charles Sturt University, Albury.

Seaman, D. E., and Powell, R. A. (1996). An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecology 77, 2075–2085.
| CrossRef |

Seaman, D. E., Millspaugh, J. J., Kernohan, B. J., Brundige, G. C., Raedeke, K. J., and Gitzen, R. A. (1999). Effects of sample size on kernel home range estimates. Journal of Wildlife Management 63, 739–747.
| CrossRef |

Servín, J., Rau, J. R., and Delibes, M. (1991). Activity pattern of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in Doñana, SW Spain. Acta Theriologica 36, 369–373.

Sharp, T., and Saunders, G. (2004). GEN001: methods of euthanasia. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Standard Operating Procedure, Orange, NSW.

Smith, G. J., Cary, J. R., and Rongstad, O. J. (1981). Sampling strategies for radio-tracking coyotes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 9, 88–93.

Travaini, A., Aldama, J. J., Laffitte, R., and Delibes, M. (1993). Home range and activity patterns of red fox Vulpes vulpes breeding females. Acta Theriologica 38, 427–434.

Tsukada, H. (1997). A division between foraging range and territory related to food distribution in the red fox. Journal of Ethology 15, 27–37.
| CrossRef |

van Beest, F. M., Rivrud, I. M., Loe, L. E., Milner, J. M., and Mysterud, A. (2011). What determines variation in home range size across spatiotemporal scales in a large browsing herbivore? Journal of Animal Ecology 80, 771–785.
| CrossRef |

Vernes, K., and Pope, L. C. (2001). Stability of nest range, home range and movement of the northern bettong (Bettongia tropica) following moderate-intensity fire in a tropical woodland, north-eastern Queensland. Wildlife Research 28, 141–150.
| CrossRef |

Voigt, D. R., and Macdonald, D. W. (1984). Variation in the spatial and social behaviour of the red fox Vulpes vulpes. Acta Zoologica Fennica 171, 261–265.

Watson, R. T., and Razafindramanana, S. (1999). Nearest neighbor nest distances, home range and territory area of the Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides). The Journal of Raptor Research 33, 335–338.

White, G. C., and Garrott, R. A. (1990). ‘Analysis of Wildlife Radio-tracking Data.’ (Academic Press: San Diego, CA.)

White, P. C. L., Saunders, G., and Harris, S. (1996). Spatio-temporal patterns of home range use by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in urban environments. Journal of Animal Ecology 65, 121–125.
| CrossRef |

Witt, M. J., Åkesson, S., Broderick, A. C., Coyne, M. S., Ellick, J., Formia, A., Hays, G. C., Luschi, P., Stroud, S., and Godley, B. J. (2010). Assessing accuracy and utility of satellite-tracking data using Argos-linked Fastloc-GPS. Animal Behaviour 80, 571–581.
| CrossRef |

Woollard, T., and Harris, S. (1990). A behavioural comparison of dispersing and non-dispersing foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and an evaluation of some dispersal hypotheses. Journal of Animal Ecology 59, 709–722.
| CrossRef |

Worton, B. J. (1989a). Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies. Ecology 70, 164–168.
| CrossRef |

Worton, B. J. (1989b). Optimal smoothing parameters for multivariate fixed and adaptive kernel methods. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 32, 45–57.
| CrossRef |

Worton, B. J. (1995a). A convex hull-based estimator of home-range size. Biometrics 51, 1206–1215.
| CrossRef |

Worton, B. J. (1995b). Using Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate kernel-based home range estimators. Journal of Wildlife Management 59, 794–800.
| CrossRef |

Zimen, E. (1984). Long range movements of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L. Acta Zoologica Fennica 171, 267–270.

Zweifel-Schielly, B., and Suter, W. (2007). Performance of GPS telemetry collars for red deer Cervus elaphus in rugged alpine terrain under controlled and free-living conditions. Wildlife Biology 13, 299–312.
| CrossRef |