Register      Login
Animal Production Science Animal Production Science Society
Food, fibre and pharmaceuticals from animals
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Productivity and gastrointestinal tract responses of rabbits fed diets containing rapeseed cake and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles

A. Gugołek A D , J. Juśkiewicz B , P. Wyczling A , D. Kowalska C , J. Strychalski A , M. Konstantynowicz A and C. Zwoliński A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.

B Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.

C Department of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n. Kraków, Poland.

D Corresponding author. Email: gugolek@uwm.edu.pl

Animal Production Science 55(6) 777-785 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14206
Submitted: 10 December 2013  Accepted: 29 April 2014   Published: 26 June 2014

Abstract

This study was aimed at determining the possibility of applying rapeseed cake (RC) and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for HYPLUS meat-type rabbits (n = 64, aged 35–84 days). Control diet (SC) contained 5% of extracted soybean meal. In RC diet, the soybean meal was replaced by RC, in DG diet – by wheat DDGS, whereas in RC–DG diet – by a mixture of RC and wheat DDGS (2.5% each). The study included production analyses, digestibility-balance experiment and physiological assessment of gut response to experimental factors hence data was collected on daily bodyweight gains, feed intake and slaughter performance, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen retention and gut response. The latter included assessment of parameters describing the small intestinal, cecal, and colonic environment of rabbits (e.g. digesta viscosity, ammonia concentration, bacterial enzymes activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration). The highest productivity results were reported for SC group and the lowest ones for DG group. The RC and RC–DG groups were characterised by intermediate productivity. Dressing percentage and contents of carcass elements did not differ among the groups (except for the hind part). Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention were the highest in the SC group and the lowest in DG group. The dietary incorporation of DDGS resulted in undesired responses of the gastrointestinal tract including excessively watery digesta in the small intestine, increased concentration of cecal and colonic ammonia, enhanced activity of potentially harmful bacterial β-glucuronidase in cecal digesta, and increased cecal concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids. These negative effects were not due to RC and RC–DG dietary treatments, apart from decreased dry matter concentration in the small intestine in the RC–DG group. In general, the results of our study demonstrated that 5% rape cake can be successfully incorporated into rabbit dietary regimen as a substitute of dietary soybean meal. Considering that the productivity of rabbits fed 2.5% of DDGS (with 2.5% rape cake) and these receiving 5% rape cake was comparable, optional seems also dietary inclusion of up to 2.5% wheat DDGS The higher content of DDGS (5%) in the diet deteriorated most of the growth parameters of rabbits.

Additional keywords: nutrient digestibility, physiological gut response, production results, rabbits, rapeseed cake, wheat DDGS.


References

Abdel-Khalek AE, Kalaba ZM, El-Gogary MR (2011) Functional, anatomical and histological development of caecum in rabbits. Current Research in Poultry Science 1, 54–65.
Functional, anatomical and histological development of caecum in rabbits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

AOAC International (2006) ‘Official methods of analysis of AOAC International.’ 18th edn. (Association of Analytical Communities: Arlington, VA)

Avelar E, Jha R, Beltranena E, Cervantes M, Morales A, Zijlstra RT (2010) The effect of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 160, 73–77.
The effect of feeding wheat distillers dried grain with solubles on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtV2itLjF&md5=6d0a45999d25e161bd919654cfd47c8fCAS |

Bernal-Barragán H, Vázquez-Pedroso Y, Valdivie-Navarro M, Hernández-Martinez CA, Cerrillo-Soto MA, Juárez-Reyes AS, Gutiérrez-Ornelas E (2010) Substitution of sorghum and soybean meal by distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for fattening rabbits. Journal of Animal Science, E-supplements 88, 368 [Abstract]

Blasco A, Ouhayoun J (1993) Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit meat research. Revised proposal. World Rabbit Science 4, 93–99.

Cromwell GL, Herckelmann KL, Stahly TS (1993) Physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles for chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71, 679–686.

Dänicke S, Ahrens P, Strobel E, Brettschneider J, Wicke M, von Lengerken G (2004) Effects of feeding rapeseed to fattening rabbits on performance, thyroid hormone status, fatty acid composition of meat and other meat quality traits. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde 68, 15–24.

Daszkiewicz T, Gugołek A, Janiszewski P, Kubiak D, Czoik M (2012) The effect of intensive and extensive production systems on carcass quality in New Zealand White rabbits. World Rabbit Science 20, 25–33.
The effect of intensive and extensive production systems on carcass quality in New Zealand White rabbits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gasmi-Boubaker A, Abdouli H, El Hichi M, Faiza K, Tayachi L (2007) Feeding rapeseed meal to rabbits: digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2, 38–41.
Feeding rapeseed meal to rabbits: digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmvVKru7c%3D&md5=ff559ff3fff2708de0e61bfe6f0e8e97CAS |

Hofírek B, Haas D (2001) Comparative studies of ruminal fluid collected by oral tube or by puncture of the caudorental ruminal sac. Acta Veterinaria 70, 27–33.
Comparative studies of ruminal fluid collected by oral tube or by puncture of the caudorental ruminal sac.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z, Wróblewska M (2005) The effect of the administration of cellulose and fructans with different degree of polymerization to rats on caecal fermentation and biochemical indicators in the serum. Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, 273–280.

Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z, Frejnagel S (2007) Caecal parameters of rats fed diets supplemented with inulin in exchange for sucrose. Archives of Animal Nutrition 61, 201–210.
Caecal parameters of rats fed diets supplemented with inulin in exchange for sucrose.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17578262PubMed |

Juśkiewicz J, Ašmanskaitɹ L, Zduńczyk Z, Matusevičius P, Wróblewska M, Žilinskienɹ A (2008) Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract and serum parameters of rabbits to diets containing chicory flour rich in inulin. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 92, 113–120.
Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract and serum parameters of rabbits to diets containing chicory flour rich in inulin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18336407PubMed |

Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z, Żary-Sikorska E, Król B, Milala J, Jurgoński A (2011) Effect of the dietary polyphenolic fraction of chicory root, peel, seed and leaf extracts on caecal fermentation and blood parameters in rats fed diets containing prebiotic fructans. The British Journal of Nutrition 105, 710–720.
Effect of the dietary polyphenolic fraction of chicory root, peel, seed and leaf extracts on caecal fermentation and blood parameters in rats fed diets containing prebiotic fructans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21134333PubMed |

Kowalska D, Bielański P (2011) Zastosowanie pasz rzepakowych w żywieniu królików i ich wpływ na jakość mięsa. Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 7, 53–63.

Lebas F (2004) Reflections on rabbit nutrition with a special emphasis on feed ingredients utilization. In Proceedings – 8th world rabbit congress. Invited Paper, Puebla, Mexico’. pp. 686–736. (World Rabbit Science Association) Available at http://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2004-Puebla/Puebla-2004-a.htm. [Verified 20 May 2014]

Li FC, Lei QX, Zhang X (2004) Comparative studies on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunity index and protease activities between weaning 2-month and 2–3-month New Zealand rabbits. In ‘Proceedings – 8th world rabbit congress, Puebla, Mexico’. pp. 885–890. (World Rabbit Science Association) Available at http://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2004-Puebla/Puebla-2004-a.htm. [Verified 20 May 2014]

Marounek M, Skrivan M, Brezina P, Hoza I (2005) Digestive organs, caecal metabolites and fermentation pattern in coypus (Myocastor coypus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Acta Veterinaria 74, 3–7.
Digestive organs, caecal metabolites and fermentation pattern in coypus (Myocastor coypus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVylsLs%3D&md5=90949161af167df3a429044b4fd10cc2CAS |

Mashamaite L, Ng’ambi JW, Norris D, Ndlovu LR, Mbajiorgu CA (2009) Relationship between tannin contents and short-term biological responses in male rabbits supplemented with leaves of different acacia tree species grown in Limpopo province of South Africa. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21, 1–10.

Metzger S, Odermatt M, Szendro Z, Mohaupt M, Romvári R, Makai A, Biró-Németh E, Radnai I, Sipos L (2004) Comparison of carcass traits and meat quality of hyplus hybrid, purebred pannon white rabbits and their crossbreds. In ‘Proceedings – 8th world rabbit congress, Puebla, Mexico’. pp. 1422–1428. (World Rabbit Science Association) Available at http://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2004-Puebla/Puebla-2004-a.htm. [Verified 20 May 2014]

Nguyen TKD, Nguyen TG (2008) Effect of different levels of neutral detergent fiber in the diets on feed utilization, growth rate and nutrient digestibility of growing crossbred rabbits . In ‘Proceedings – MEKARN rabbit conference: organic rabbit production from forages’. (Eds Reg Preston, Nnguyen Van Thu) (Cantho University: Vietnam) Available at http://www.mekarn.org/prorab/nam.htm. [Verified 20 May 2014]

Nyachoti CM, House JD, Slominski BA, Seddon IR (2005) Energy and nutrient digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 2581–2586.
Energy and nutrient digestibilities in wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles fed to growing pigs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Grt7%2FK&md5=03544ef7e0c05ffb6012cfd34987e004CAS |

OJEU (2010) Official Journal of the European Union. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. OJEU 20.10.2010, Series L 276. pp. 33–79. (European Union: Brussels)

Ondruška Ľ, Chrastinova L’, Chrenek P, Rafay J, Parkányi V (2010) Digestibility of nutrients by transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 43, 210–214.

Peiretti PG, Gai F, Rotolo L, Gasco L (2012) Effects of diets with increasing levels of dried tomato pomace on the performances and apparent digestibility of growing rabbits. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7, 345–351.

Peiretti PG, Gai F, Rotolo L, Brugiapaglia A, Gasco L (2013) Effects of tomato pomace supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits. Meat Science 95, 345–351.
Effects of tomato pomace supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening rabbits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXpt12jur8%3D&md5=3e029a072e38f0c72cf8fbb81bb888adCAS | 23747628PubMed |

Petkova M, Grigorova S, Abadijeva D (2011) Biochemical and physiological changes in growing rabbits fed different sources of crude fiber. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27, 1367–1378.
Biochemical and physiological changes in growing rabbits fed different sources of crude fiber.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Prasad R, Misra AK, Sankhyan SK, Mishra AS, Tripathi MK, Karim SA, Jakhmola RC (2003) Growth performance and caecal fermentation in growing rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves. Asian–Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16, 1309–1314.

Rees Davies R, Rees Davies JAE (2003) Rabbit gastrointestinal physiology. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice 6, 139–153.
Rabbit gastrointestinal physiology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | [Review]

Schneeman BO (1999) Fiber, inulin and oligofructose: similarities and differences. The Journal of Nutrition 129, 1424S–1427S.

StatSoft (2011) ‘Statistica (data analysis software system), version 10.’ Available at www.statsoft.com. [Verified February 2011]

Stein HH, Gibson ML, Pedersen C, Boersma MG (2006) Amino acid and energy digestibility in ten samples of distillers dried grain with solubles fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 84, 853–860.

Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Bauer LL, Healy HP, Dawson KA, Merchen NR, Fahey GC (2002) Supplemental fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides influence immune function, ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations and concentrations of protein catabolites in the large bowel of dogs. The Journal of Nutrition 132, 980–989.

Szkucik K, Libelt K (2006) Wartość odżywcza mięsa królików. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 62, 108–110.

Throckmorton JC, Cheeke PR, Patton NM (1980) Tower rapeseed meal as a protein source for weanling rabbits. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60, 1027–1028.
Tower rapeseed meal as a protein source for weanling rabbits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tůmová E, Skřivanová V, Skřivan M (2003) Effect of restricted feeding time and quantitative restriction in growing rabbits. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde 67, 182–190.

Tůmová E, Skřivanová V, Zita L, Skřivan M, Fučíková A (2004) The effect of restriction on digestibility of nutrients, organ growth and blood picture in broiler rabbits. In ‘Proceedings – 8th world rabbit congress, Puebla, Mexico’. (World Rabbit Science Association) pp. 1008–1014. Available at http://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2004-Puebla/Puebla-2004-a.htm. [Verified 20 May 2014]

Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.
Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FnvVCltA%3D%3D&md5=1b837d0361716b7c813fff797a7701e0CAS | 1660498PubMed |

Villamide MG, De Blas JC, Carabano R (1989) Nutritive value of cereal by-products for rabbits. 2. Wheat bran, corn gluten feed and dried distillers grains with solubles. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research 12, 152–155.

Vostrý L, Mach K, Dokoupilová A, Majzlík I, Jakubec V, Janda K (2008) Fattening performance for the HYPLUS broiler rabbit dependence on the initial fattening body weight at the weaning. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 39, 278–283.

Walter LJ, McAllister TA, Yang WZ, Beauchemin KA, He M, McKinnon JJ (2012) Comparison of wheat or corn dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility by feedlot heifers. Journal of Animal Science 90, 1291–1300.
Comparison of wheat or corn dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility by feedlot heifers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkvFanuro%3D&md5=d635f8699a51a590db5a03d7cbd28718CAS | 22021811PubMed |

Yang Y, Kiarie E, Slominski BA, Brule-Babel A, Nyachoti CM (2010) Amino acid and fiber digestibility, intestinal bacterial profile, and enzyme activity in growing pigs fed dried distillers grains with solubles-based diets. Journal of Animal Science 88, 3304–3312.
Amino acid and fiber digestibility, intestinal bacterial profile, and enzyme activity in growing pigs fed dried distillers grains with solubles-based diets.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtF2rtbzO&md5=0649dcfc4cb49e6c2dbc1c315ba32bfaCAS | 20525935PubMed |

Youssef IM, Westfahl C, Sünder A, Liebert F, Kamphues J (2008) Evaluation of dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) as a protein source for broilers. Archives of Animal Nutrition 62, 404–414.
Evaluation of dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) as a protein source for broilers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVOrurvO&md5=59fcbb071ec07b0a9648967614f7dffaCAS | 18942587PubMed |

Youssef AW, Abd El-Magid SS, Abd El-Gawad AH, El-Daly EF, Ali HM (2012) Effect of inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on the productive performance of growing rabbits. American–Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 12, 321–326.

Zita L, Tumová E, Skřivanová V, Ledvinka Z (2007) The effect of weaning age on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler rabbits. Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, 341–347.