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RESEARCH FRONT (Open Access)
Contents Vol 67(4)

The Molecular Size Distribution of Glycogen and its Relevance to Diabetes

Robert G. Gilbert A B C D and Mitchell A. Sullivan A B C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.

B The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.

C These two authors are equal first authors.

D Corresponding authors. Email: b.gilbert@uq.edu.au; m.sullivan7@uq.edu.au




Robert (‘Bob’) Gilbert is Research Professor at the University of Queensland, and also at Huazhong University of Science and Technology at the Biolake hi-tech campus in Wuhan, China, under the Foreign Experts program. He is the author of about 400 papers on chemical dynamics, emulsion polymerisation, and the biosynthesis–structure–property relations of complex branched glucose polymers of importance to human health.


Mitchell Sullivan was awarded first-class honours at the University of Queensland in 2010. He is currently in his third year of a Ph.D. program investigating the role liver glycogen plays in type 2 diabetes. A significant portion of this research is being targeted at improving the structural characterisation of glycogen.

Australian Journal of Chemistry 67(4) 538-543 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH13573
Submitted: 22 October 2013  Accepted: 7 January 2014   Published: 6 February 2014

Abstract

Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose, functioning as a blood-glucose buffer. It comprises relatively small β-particles, which may be joined as larger aggregate α-particles. The size distributions from size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as GPC) of liver glycogen from non-diabetic and diabetic mice show that diabetic mice have impaired α-particle formation, shedding new light on diabetes. SEC data also suggest the type of bonding holding β-particles together in α-particles. SEC characterisation of liver glycogen at various time points in a day/night cycle indicates that liver glycogen is initially synthesised as β-particles, and then joined by an unknown process to form α-particles. These α-particles are more resistant to degradation, presumably because of their lower surface area-to-volume ratio. These findings have important implications for new drug targets for diabetes management.


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