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Functional Plant Biology Functional Plant Biology Society
Plant function and evolutionary biology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Do polyamines modulate the Lotus glaber NADPH oxidation activity induced by the herbicide methyl viologen?

Juan C. Cuevas A , Diego H. Sánchez A , María Marina A and Oscar A. Ruiz A B
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A Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús / Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH / UNSAM-CONICET), Camino circunvalación laguna, Km. 6 CC164 (B7130IWA) Chascomús, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

B Corresponding author; email: ruiz@intech.gov.ar

Functional Plant Biology 31(9) 921-928 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04007
Submitted: 13 January 2004  Accepted: 7 June 2004   Published: 27 September 2004

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in NADPH-oxidases which are involved in the active generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), owing to their role in oxidative burst, signalling and oxidative damage derived from biotic and abiotic stresses. NADPH oxidase activity is enhanced by some environmental cues, such as zinc deficiency and chilling stress, where zinc and polyamines have been suggested to be involved in the modulation of ROS generation. In order to further characterise NADPH oxidation activity during oxidative stress we exposed Lotus glaber Mill. (narrow-leaf trefoil; syn. L. tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Wild var. Miller) plants to the herbicide methyl viologen (MV) and evaluated zinc and polyamines as oxidative stress regulatory compounds. For this purpose we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments, observing that zinc and the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine inhibited the NADPH oxidation activity in vitro while preventing methyl viologen-induced superoxide production in vivo. It is suggested that these substances act through a direct effect on flavin oxidases. However, it was not possible to correlate free polyamine content of L. glaber with their hypothetical inhibitory role during oxidative stress, probably owing to the plant’s natural tolerance to the herbicide tested. Therefore, tobacco, a more sensitive species, was tested for methyl viologen toxicity. High concentrations of methyl viologen induced free polyamine levels in crude extracts and intercellular fluids. However, only free polyamine content in the intercellular fluids was increased in plants treated with low methyl viologen concentrations. These results support the notion that polyamine metabolism in the apoplast is involved in the physiological response to oxidative stress.

Keywords: Lotus glaber, methyl viologen, NADPH oxidase, polyamines, zinc.


Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina), The Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI). MM is a fellow of UNSAM, while DHS is a fellow of CONICET. OAR is a member of the research committee from CONICET. We thank Gabriela K. Lopez for outstanding technical assistance and to Dr Gustavo Somoza and Dr Leandro Miranda for providing histological supplies and equipment. We also thank Dr Ana Menendez for assessment and experience on botanical issues, and Dr Estela Valle for critical revision of the manuscript and helpful comments.


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