References
Barri, F. R., Martella, M. B., and Navarro, J. L. (2008
).
Effects of hunting, egg harvest and livestock grazing intensities on density and reproductive success of Lesser Rhea
Rhea pennata pennata in Patagonia: implications for conservation.
Oryx 42, 607–610.
|
CrossRef |
Barri, F. R., Martella, M. B., and Navarro, J. L. (2009
a).
Reproductive success of wild Lesser Rheas (
Rhea pennata pennata) in north-western Patagonia, Argentina.
Journal üur Ornithologie 150, 127–132.
|
CrossRef |
Barri, F. R., Martella, M. B., and Navarro, J. L. (2009
b).
Nest-site habitat selection by Lesser Rheas (
Rhea pennata pennata) in north-western Patagonia, Argentina.
Journal für Ornithologie 150, 511–514.
|
CrossRef |
Beauchamp, G. (2008
).
What is the magnitude of the group-size effect on vigilance?
Behavioral Ecology 19, 1361–1368.
|
CrossRef |
Beauchamp, G. (2009
).
How does food density influence vigilance in birds and mammals?
Animal Behaviour 78, 223–231.
|
CrossRef |
Bellis, L. M., Navarro, J. L., Vignolo, P., and Martella, M. B. (2006
).
Habitat preferences of Lesser Rhea in Argentine Patagonia.
Biodiversity and Conservation 69, 90–93.
Benhaiem, S., Delon, M., Lourtet, B., Cargnelutti, B., Aulagnier, S., Hewison, A. J., Morellet, N., and Verhey, H. (2008
).
Hunting increases vigilance levels in roe deer and modifies feeding site selection.
Animal Behaviour 76, 611–618.
|
CrossRef |
Bertram, B. C. R. (1978). Living in groups: predators and prey. In ‘Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach’. (Eds J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies.) pp. 64–96. (Sinauer: Sunderland, MA.)
Bertram, B. C. (1980
).
Vigilance and group size in Ostriches.
Animal Behaviour 28, 278–286.
|
CrossRef |
BirdLife International (2011).
Rhea pennata. In ‘IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2’. (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: Gland, Switzerland.) Available at
http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/100006003/0 [Verified 5 December 2011].
Boland, C. R. (2003
).
An experimental test of predator detection rates using groups of free-living Emus.
Ethology 109, 209–222.
|
CrossRef |
Bonino, N., Bonvisutto, G., Pelliza Sbriller, A., and Somlo, R. (1986
).
Hábitos alimentarios de los herbívoros en la zona central de área ecológica Sierras y Mesetas occidentales de la Patagonia.
Revista Argentina de Producción Animal 6, 275–287.
Carro, M. E., and Fernández, G. J. (2008
).
Seasonal variation in social organization and diurnal activity budget of the Greater Rhea (
Rhea americana) in the Argentinean pampas.
Emu 108, 167–173.
|
CrossRef |
Carro, M. E., and Fernández, G. J. (2009
).
Scanning pattern of Greater Rheas,
Rhea americana: collective vigilance would increase the probability of detecting a predator.
Journal of Ethology 27, 429–436.
|
CrossRef |
Codenotti, T. L., and Álvarez, F. (2000
).
Habitat use by Greater Rheas in an agricultural area of southern Brazil.
Revista de Etologia 2, 77–84.
Elgar, M. A. (1989
).
Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a critical review of the empirical evidence.
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 64, 13–33.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Folch, A. (1992). Family Rheidae (Rheas). In ‘Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks’. (Eds J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliott and J. Sargatal.) pp. 83–84. (Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.)
Hamilton, W. D. (1971
).
Geometry for the selfish herd.
Journal of Theoretical Biology 31, 295–311.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Handford, P. T., and Mares, M. A. (1985
).
The mating systems of ratites and tinamous: an evolutionary perspective.
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 25, 77–104.
|
CrossRef |
Lehner, P. N. (1996). ‘Handbook of Ethological Methods.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.)
León, R., Bran, D., Collantes, M., Paruelo, J. M., and Soriano, A. (1998
).
Grandes unidades de vegetación de la Patagonia.
Ecología Austral 8, 125–144.
Lombardi, C. (1994
).
Feeding and vigilance in wild Greater Rhea harems.
Bird Behaviour 10, 29–35.
|
CrossRef |
Martella, M. B., and Navarro, J. L. (2006). Conservación y Manejo de Ñandúes (
Rhea americana y
Rhea pennata). In ‘Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en Argentina’. (Eds M. Bolkovic and E. Ramadori.) pp. 39–50. (Secretaria de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable: Buenos Aires.)
Martella, M. B., Renison, D., and Navarro, J. L. (1995
).
Vigilance in the Greater Rhea: effects of vegetation height and group size.
Journal of Field Ornithology 66, 215–220.
Milton, S., Dean, W. R., and Siegfried, W. R. (1994
).
Food selection by Ostrich in southern Africa.
Journal of Wildlife Management 58, 234–248.
|
CrossRef |
Novaro, A. J., Funes, M. C., and Walker, R. (2000
).
Ecological extinction of native prey of a carnivore assemblage in Argentine Patagonia.
Biological Conservation 92, 25–33.
|
CrossRef |
Pulliam, H. R. (1973
).
On the advantages of flocking.
Journal of Theoretical Biology 38, 419–422.
|
CrossRef |
CAS |
Raikow, R. J. (1968
).
Maintenance behavior of the Common Rhea.
Wilson Bulletin 80, 312–319.
Roberts, G. (1996
).
Why individual vigilance declines as group size increases.
Animal Behaviour 51, 1077–1086.
|
CrossRef |