References

Blumstein, D. T., and Munos, O. (2005). Individual and age/sex class variation in marmot alarm calls. Animal Behaviour 69, 353–361.
| CrossRef |

Blumstein, D. T., Verenyre, L., and Daniel, J. C. (2004). Reliability and the adaptive utility of discrimination among alarm callers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 271, 1851–1857.
| CrossRef |

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Saliva, J. E., Gochfeld, D., and Morales, H. (1989). Antipredator behaviour in nesting Zenaida Doves (Zenaida aurita): parental investment or offspring vulnerability. Behaviour 111, 129–143.
| CrossRef |

Cheney, D. L., and Seyfarth, R. M. (1988). Assessment of meaning and the detection of unreliable signals by vervet monkeys. Animal Behaviour 36, 477–486.
| CrossRef |

Colombelli-Négrel, D., Robertson, J., and Kleindorfer, S. (2011). Risky revelations: superb Fairy-wrens Malurus cyaneus respond more strongly to their mate’s alarm song. Journal of Ornithology 152, 127–135.
| CrossRef |

Crawley, M. (1993). ‘Glim for Ecologists.’ (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, UK.)

Curio, E. (1978). The adaptive significance of avian mobbing: I. Teleonomic hypothesis and predictions. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 48, 175–183.

Curio, E. (1987). Brood defence in the Great Tit: the influence of age, number and quality of young. Ardea 75, 35–42.

Fasanella, M., and Fernández, G. J. (2009). Alarm calls of the Southern House Wren, Troglodytes musculus: variation with nesting stage and predator model. Journal of Ornithology 150, 853–863.
| CrossRef |

Greig-Smith, P. W. (1980). Parental investment in nest defence by Stonechats (Saxicola torquata). Animal Behaviour 28, 604–619.
| CrossRef |

Grim, T. (2008). Are Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) defending their nests also calling for help from their neighbours? Journal of Ornithology 149, 169–180.
| CrossRef |

Haftorn, S. (2000). Contexts and possible functions of alarm calling in the Willow Tit, Parus montanus: the principle of “better safe than sorry”. Behaviour 137, 437–449.
| CrossRef |

Hasson, O. (1991). Pursuit-deterrent signals: communication between prey and predator. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, 325–329.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Högstad, O. (1995). Alarm calling by Willow Tits, Parus montanus, as mate investment. Animal Behaviour 49, 221–225.
| CrossRef |

Högstedt, G. (1983). Adaptation unto death: function of fear screams. American Naturalist 121, 562–570.
| CrossRef |

Kennedy, R. A. W., Evans, C. S., and McDonald, P. G. (2009). Individual distinctiveness in the mobbing call of a cooperative bird, the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala. Journal of Avian Biology 40, 481–490.
| CrossRef |

Kleindorfer, S., Hoi, H., and Fessl, B. (1996). Alarm calls and chick reactions in the Moustached Warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon. Animal Behaviour 51, 1199–1206.
| CrossRef |

Kleindorfer, S., Fessl, B., and Hoi, H. (2005). Avian nest defence behaviour: risk assessment in relation to predator distance and type, and nest height. Animal Behaviour 69, 307–313.
| CrossRef |

Klump, G. M., and Shalter, M. D. (1984). Acoustic behaviour of birds and mammals in the predator context. II. The functional significance and evolution of alarm signals. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 66, 206–226.

Knight, R. L., and Temple, S. A. (1988). Nest defense behavior in the Red-winged Blackbird. Condor 90, 193–200.
| CrossRef |

Krams, I., Krama, T., and Igaune, K. (2006). Alarm calls of wintering Great Tits Parus major: warning of mate, reciprocal altruism or a message to the predator? Journal of Avian Biology 37, 131–136.
| CrossRef |

Llambías, P. E., and Fernández, G. J. (2009). Effects of nestboxes on the breeding biology of Southern House Wrens Troglodytes aedon bonariae in the southern temperate zone. Ibis 151, 113–121.
| CrossRef |

Madden, J. R., Kilner, R. M., and Davies, N. B. (2005). Nestling responses to adult food and alarm calls: 1. Species-specific responses in two cowbird hosts. Animal Behaviour 70, 619–627.
| CrossRef |

Marler, P. (2004). Bird calls: their potential for behavioral neurobiology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1016, 31–44.
| CrossRef |

McCowan, B., and Hooper, S. L. (2002). Individual acoustic variation in Belding’s Ground Squirrel alarm chirps in the High Sierra Nevada. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, 1157–1160.
| CrossRef |

Mundry, R., and Sommer, C. (2007). Discriminant function analysis with nonindependent data: consequences and an alternative. Animal Behaviour 74, 965–976.
| CrossRef |

Platzen, D., and Magrath, R. D. (2004). Parental alarm calls suppress nestling vocalization. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 271, 1271–1276.
| CrossRef |

Rajala, M., Ratti, O., and Suhonen, J. (2003). Age differences in the response of Willow Tits (Parus montanus) to conspecific clarm calls. Ethology 109, 501–509.
| CrossRef |

Redondo, T., and Carranza, J. (1989). Offspring reproductive value and nest defense in the Magpie (Pica pica). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 25, 369–378.
| CrossRef |

Serra, C., and Fernández, G. J. (2011). Reduction of nestlings’ vocalizations in response to parental alarm calls in the Southern House Wren, Troglodytes musculus. Journal of Ornithology 152, 331–336.
| CrossRef |

Suzuki, T. N. (2011). Parental alarm calls warn nestlings about different predatory threats. Current Biology 21, R15–R16.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Weatherhead, P. J. (1989). Nest defence by Song Sparrows: methodological and life history considerations. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 25, 129–136.
| CrossRef |

Yasukawa, K. (1989). The costs and benefits of a vocal signal: the nest-associated ‘chit’ of the female Red-winged Blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus. Animal Behaviour 38, 866–874.
| CrossRef |

Zuberbühler, K. (2009). Survivor signals: the biology and psychology of animal alarm calling. Advances in the Study of Behavior 40, 277–322.
| CrossRef |