Treatments with progesterone (P4) releasing devices and estradiol benzoate (EB) have been extensively used in fixed-time AI (FTAI) programs in beef cattle. However, pregnancy rates in postpartum cows kept on pasture often have been lower than expected because of poor body condition score (BCS) and a high incidence of anestrous. A recent study (Cutaia L et al., 2003 Theriogenology 59, 216) suggested that the addition of eCG to a P4/EB FTAI program may improve pregnancy rates in cows with fair to poor BCS, but results were not conclusive. Therefore, this experiment was designed to further investigate the effect of eCG treatment on pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows in those conditions. The experiment was performed at 2 locations with lactating Angus cows (n = 93), 60 to 90 d postpartum with a BCS 1.9 (1 to 5 scale; Location 1), and crossbred Zebu cows (n = 290), 60 to 90 d postpartum with a BCS 2.0 (Location 2). In each Location, cows were randomly allocated to 1 of the following treatment groups: Control, eCG Day 6, or eCG Day 8. All cows received a P4 intravaginal device (DIB, Syntex, Argentina) and 2 mg EB i.m. (Syntex) on Day 0, 500 mg cloprostenol (Estroplan, Syntex) at the time of DIB removal (Day 8), 1 mg EB i.m. on Day 9 and FTAI 52 to 56 h after DIB removal. Cows in the Control group received no further treatment, whereas cows in the eCG-treated groups received 400 IU eCG (Novormon 5000, Syntex) on Day 6 or Day 8. Cows were examined on Day 0 by rectal palpation (Location 1) or by ultrasonography (US; Location 2) and were classified as those with a CL or without a CL, with either large (> 8 mm) or small (< 8 mm)small follicles. Pregnancy was determined by US 45 d after FTAI. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and the effects of location, treatment, ovarian status, AI technician and semen were considered in the model. There was no effect of location (P = 0.3), AI technician (P = 0.2) or semen (P = 0.8) on pregnancy rates. However, there was an effect of treatment (P = 0.02), attributed to higher pregnancy rates in the eCG Groups than in the Control Group (Table). Furthermore, cows with a CL or without a CL but with large follicles on Day 0 had higher pregnancy rates than those with small follicles (P = 0.04). It was concluded that the use of eCG in a P4/EB FTAI program improved pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows that were in fair topoor BCS.