A number of groups have successfully vitrified rabbit embryos at morula or blastocyst (BL) stage. For earlier stages (1- to 8-celled), however, there are very limited studies and the results are generally unsatisfactory. In this study, we examined the survival and developmental competence of rabbit embryos vitrified at different preimplantational stages. Sexually matured female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were superovulated with our standard protocols, followed by mating with NZW males. At 18h post-hCG treatment, viable fertilized embryos were collected and cultured in 2.5% FBS B2 medium (Laboratories CCD, Paris, France) in 5% CO₂ with humidified air at 38.5°C. A total of 691 rabbit embryos at pronuclear, 2-celled, 4-celled, 8-celled, and morula/early blastocyst (BL; Day 3) stages were vitrified by the open pulled straw (OPS) method in HEPES buffered TCM-199 medium containing 20% fetal calf serum, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. After stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 1 month, embryos were sequentially warmed, rehydrated, and washed before culture in B2 culture medium. Survival and developmental rates were analyzed by general linear model analysis (SPSS 11.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Embryos vitrified at 8-celled stage or beyond showed greater survival, and expanded BL and hatching rates than those at pronuclear, 2-celled and 4-celled embryos (Table 1). In particular, the expanded and hatched BL rates were significantly higher in the 8-celled group than those in 4-celled group, suggesting that the 8-celled is the threshold stage to tolerate the vitrification procedure in rabbit embryos. In addition, the rates of expanded and hatched blastocysts in morula/BL group were still significantly higher than those in the 8-celled group. Our results may provide the proper timing of cryopreserving fertilized, transgenic, and/or cloned rabbit embryos at early stages for biomedical research.