Register      Login
Australian Systematic Botany Australian Systematic Botany Society
Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of plants
REVIEW

Review of the species concepts Chara fibrosa and C. flaccida (Characeae, Charophyceae)

Michelle T. Casanova
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Vic. 3141, Australia.

B Centre for Environmental Management, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen, Vic. 3350, Australia.

C Present address: 273 Casanova Road, Westmere, Vic. 3351, Australia. Email: amcnova@netconnect.com.au

Australian Systematic Botany 26(4) 291-297 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB13020
Submitted: 1 May 2013  Accepted: 7 October 2013   Published: 13 December 2013

Abstract

Taxonomic circumscriptions of the charophyte taxa Chara fibrosa C.Agardh ex Bruzelius. and C. flaccida var. wightii A.Braun are revised, and both taxa are recognised at species rank, as C. fibrosa and C. wightii (A.Braun) Casanova. Both species are illustrated and a review of relevant morphological characters is also presented.

Additional keywords: Agardhia, Chara gaudichaudii, Guam, Micronesia, morphology, oospore.


References

Agardh CA (1824) ‘Systema Algarum.’ (Literis Berlingianis: Lundæ)

Allen GO (1953) Typification of Nitella pseudoflabellata A.Braun. In ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series12, vol. 6’. (Eds ACLG Gunther, W Carruthers, W Francis) pp. 606–608. (Taylor & Francis Ltd: London)

Boegle MG, Schneider S, Mannschreck B, Melzer A (2007) Differentiation of Chara intermedia and C. baltica compared to C. hispida based on morphology and amplified fragment length polymorphism. Hydrobiologia 586, 155–166.
Differentiation of Chara intermedia and C. baltica compared to C. hispida based on morphology and amplified fragment length polymorphism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltl2htrs%3D&md5=6dc1e926dcb4a595f2b0951d198a217cCAS |

Braun A (1849) Charae Indiae orientalis et insularum maris pacifici, or characters and observations on the Characeae of the East Indian Continent, Ceylon, Sunda Islands, Marian and Sandwich Islands. Hookers Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 1, 292–301.

Nordstedt CFO (1883) Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen, von Hrn A. Braun, nach den hinterlassenen Manuscripten A. Braun’s herausgegeben von Hrn Dr. Otto Nordstedt. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1882, 1–211.

Bruzelius A (1824) Observationes in genus Chara. Dissertation. pp. 1–24. Lundae [Lund]. [printed in Flora 9, 481–491, 1826]

Casanova MT (2005) An overview of Chara in Australia (Characeae, Charophyta). Australian Systematic Botany 18, 25–39.
An overview of Chara in Australia (Characeae, Charophyta).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Casanova MT (2010) Charophyte species collected from Guam, Yap and Palau in the west Pacific. Consultants report to NIWA, NZ. Charophyte Services. (Lake Bolac, Vic.)

Han F, Li Y (1994) ‘Flora algarum sinicarum aquae dulcis tomus 3, Charophyta.’ (Science Press: Beijing)

McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, Prud’homme van Reine WF, Smith GF, Wiersema JH, Turland N (Eds) (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. (International Association for Plant Taxonomy: Bratislava, Slovakia). Available at http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php [Verified 5 November 2013]

Imahori K (1952) Charophyta in Micronesia. Journal of Japanese Botany 27, 79–84.

Imahori K (1954) ‘Ecology, Phytogeography and Taxonomy of the Japanese Charophyta.’ (Kanazawa University: Kanazawa, Japan)

Langangen A, Leghari SM (2001) Some charophytes (Charales) from Pakistan. Studiea Botanica Hungarica 32, 63–85.

McCourt RM, Karol KG, Casanova MT, Feist M (1999) Monophyly of genera and species of Characeae based on rbcL sequences, with special reference to Australian and European Lychnothamnus barbatus (Characeae: Charophyceae). Australian Journal of Botany 47, 361–369.
Monophyly of genera and species of Characeae based on rbcL sequences, with special reference to Australian and European Lychnothamnus barbatus (Characeae: Charophyceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlsFynsLY%3D&md5=27111cf9b44be2ec2b2b312e75a53a63CAS |

Miller HA (1960) A preliminary list of Micronesian bryophytes. The Bryologist 63, 116–125.

Naz S, Schubert H, Diba NJ (2010) Diversity of charophytes (Charales, Charophyta) in Bangladesh. Charophytes 2, 66–71.

Nelson SG (1989) The inland aquatic habitats of Yap. University of Guam Marine Laboratory Technical Report 97, University of Guam. (Mangilao, Guam)

Pal BP (1932) Burmese Charophyta. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 49, 47–92.
Burmese Charophyta.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pal BP, Kundu BC, Sundralingham VS, Venkataraman GS (1962) ‘Charophyta.’ Monographs on algae. (Indian Council of Agricultural Research: New Delhi)

Proctor VW (1975) The nature of charophyte species. Phycologia 14, 97–113.
The nature of charophyte species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Proctor VW (1980) Historical biogeography of Chara (Charophyta): an appraisal of the Braun–Wood classification plus a falsifiable alternative for future consideration. Journal of Phycology 16, 218–233.
Historical biogeography of Chara (Charophyta): an appraisal of the Braun–Wood classification plus a falsifiable alternative for future consideration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sakayama H (2008) Taxonomy of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) based on comparative morphology of oospores and multiple DNA marker phylogeny using cultured material. Phycological Research 56, 202–215.
Taxonomy of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) based on comparative morphology of oospores and multiple DNA marker phylogeny using cultured material.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFyht77J&md5=e9cdef088add0faba39056e4c591d0abCAS |

Sakayama H, Nozaki H, Kasaki H, Hara Y (2002) Taxonomic re-examination of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Japan, based on microscopical studies of oospore wall ornamentation and rbcL gene sequences. Phycologia 41, 397–408.
Taxonomic re-examination of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Japan, based on microscopical studies of oospore wall ornamentation and rbcL gene sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sakayama H, Hara Y, Nozaki H (2004) Taxonomic re-examination of six species of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Asia, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus based on rbcL and atpB gene sequences. Phycologia 43, 91–104.
Taxonomic re-examination of six species of Nitella (Charales, Charophyceae) from Asia, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus based on rbcL and atpB gene sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sakayama H, Miyaji K, Nagumo T, Kato M, Hara Y, Nozaki H (2005) Taxonomic reexamination of 17 species of Nitella subgenus Tieffallenia (Charales, Charophyceae) based on internal morphology of the oospore wall and multiple DNA marker sequences. Journal of Phycology 41, 195–211.
Taxonomic reexamination of 17 species of Nitella subgenus Tieffallenia (Charales, Charophyceae) based on internal morphology of the oospore wall and multiple DNA marker sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVeqtbw%3D&md5=969a08be792aa4f4acc22e7e51a4d585CAS |

Sakayama H, Arai S, Nozaki H, Kasai F, Watanabe MM (2006) Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Nitella comptonii (Charales, Characeae). Phycologia 45, 417–421.
Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Nitella comptonii (Charales, Characeae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Scribailo RW, Alix M (2010) A checklist of North American Characeae. Charophytes 2, 38–52.

Stone BC (1970) The flora of Guam. Available at http://www.herbarium.hawaii.edu/efloras/guam/part1–intro_2.html [Verified May 2013]

Wood RD (1962) New combinations and taxa in the revision of the Characeae. Taxon 11, 7–25.
New combinations and taxa in the revision of the Characeae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wood RD (1963) Characea in Samoa. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 90, 225–229.
Characea in Samoa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wood RD (1965) Monograph of the Characeae. Vol. 1. In ‘A Revision of the Characeae’. (Eds RD Wood, K Imahori) pp. 1–902. (J. Cramer: Weinheim, Germany)

Wood RD (1972) ‘Characeae of Australia.’ (J. Cramer: Lehre, Germany)

Wood RD, Imahori K (1964) Iconograph of the Characeae. Vol. 2. In ‘A Revision of the Characeae’. (Eds RD Wood, K Imahori) (J. Cramer: Weinheim, Germany)

Wood RD, Mason R (1977) Characeae of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 15, 87–180.
Characeae of New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zaneveld JS (1940) The Charophyta of Malaysia and adjacent counties. Blumea 4, 1–223.