Threshold electrolyte concentration and dispersive potential in relation to CROSS in dispersive soils

Article

<< Previous

Next >>

Contents Vol 50(6)

doi:10.1071/SR12135

Soil, Land Care & Environmental Research

	Search




	Advanced Search



	Journal Home

	About the Journal

	Editorial Board

	Contacts

	For Advertisers



	Content

	Online Early

	Current Issue

	Just Accepted

	All Issues

	Special Issues

	Sample Issue



	For Authors

	General Information

	Notice to Authors

	Submit Article

	Open Access



	For Referees

	Referee Guidelines

	Review Article

	Annual Referee Index



	For Subscribers

	Subscription Prices

	Customer Service

	Print Publication Dates

e-Alerts

Subscribe to our Email Alert or

feeds for the latest journal papers.

Connect with us

Now Online

Threshold electrolyte concentration and dispersive potential in relation to CROSS in dispersive soils

Alla Marchuk ^A ^B and Pichu Rengasamy ^A

^A The University of Adelaide, Soil Science, Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia.
^B Corresponding author. Email: alla.marchuk@adelaide.edu.au

Soil Research 50(6) 473-481 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR12135
Submitted: 21 May 2012 Accepted: 22 August 2012 Published: 25 September 2012





	PDF (333 KB) $25



	Export Citation

Print

Abstract

We have used the newly developed concept of CROSS (cation ratio of soil structural stability) instead of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) in our study on dispersive soils. CROSS incorporates the differential dispersive powers of Na and K and the differences in the flocculating effects of Ca and Mg. The CROSS of the dispersed soil solutions, from the differently treated soils of three soil types varying in clay content, mineralogy, and organic matter, was highly correlated with the amount of clay dispersed. The relation between CROSS and exchangeable cation ratio depended on soil type, and particularly organic matter and the content and mineralogy of clay. Threshold electrolyte concentration of the flocculated suspensions was significantly correlated with CROSS of the dispersed suspensions. The cationic flocculating charge of the flocculated suspensions, which incorporates the individual flocculating powers of the cations, was significantly correlated with CROSS. However, these types of relations will depend on several soil factors even within a given soil class. Therefore, we have derived the dispersive potential of an individual soil from which we calculated the required cationic amendments to maintain flocculated soils and their structural integrity.

Additional keywords: cationic flocculating charge, clay dispersion, flocculating power, soil structure.

References

Arienzo M, Christen EW, Quayle W, Kumar A (2009) A review of the fate of potassium in the soil–plant system after land application of wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164, 415–422.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Bergaya F, Lagaly G, Vayer M (2006) Cation and anion exchange. In ‘Developments in clay science’. (Eds F Bergaya, BKG Theng, G Lagaly) pp. 979–1001. (Elsevier: Amsterdam)

Chorom M, Rengasamy P (1995) Dispersion and zeta potential of pure clays as related to net particle charge under varying pH, electrolyte concentration and cation type. European Journal of Soil Science 46, 657–665.
| CrossRef | CAS |

FAO (2006) Water dispersible clay. In ‘World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006: a framework for international classification, correlation and communication.’ (Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations: Rome)

Gee GW, Bauder JW (1986) Particle-size analysis. In ‘Methods of soil analysis: Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. Vol. 9’. 2nd edn (Ed. A Klute) pp. 383–411. (ASA, SSSA: Madison, WI)

Isbell RF (2002) ‘The Australian Soil Classification.’ Australian Soil and Land Survey Handbook Series 4. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

Jayawardane NS, Christen EW, Arienzo M, Quayle WC (2011) Evaluation of the effects of cation combinations on soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil Research 49, 56–64.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Laurenson S, Bolan NS, Smith E, McCarthy M (2012) Review: Use of recycled wastewater for irrigating grapevines. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 18, 1–10.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Marchuk A, Rengasamy P (2011) Clay behaviour in suspension is related to the ionicity of clay–cation bonds. Applied Clay Science 53, 754–759.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Quirk JP (2001) The significance of the threshold and turbidity concentrations in relation to sodicity and microstructure. Australian Journal of Soil Research 39, 1185–1217.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Quirk JP, Schofield RK (1955) The effect of electrolyte concentration on soil permeability. European Journal of Soil Science 6, 163–178.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Rayment G, Lyons D (2011) ‘Soil chemical methods—Australasia.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

Rengasamy P (2002) Clay dispersion. In ‘Soil physical measurement and interpretation for land evaluation’. (Eds BM McKenzie, K Coughlan, H Cresswell) pp. 200–210. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)

Rengasamy P (2006) World salinization with emphasis on Australia. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 1017–1023.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Rengasamy P, Marchuk A (2011) Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS). Soil Research 49, 280–285.
| CrossRef |

Rengasamy P, Olsson KA (1991) Sodicity and soil structure. Australian Journal of Soil Research 29, 935–952.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Rengasamy P, Sumner ME (1998) Processes involved in sodic behaviour. In ‘Sodic soils. Distribution, properties, management, and environmental consequences’. (Eds ME Sumner, R Naidu) pp. 35–50. (New York Press: New York)

Rengasamy P, Greene R, Ford GW, Mehanni AH (1984) Identification of dispersive behaviour and the management of red-brown earths. Australian Journal of Soil Research 22, 413–431.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Robbins CW (1984) Sodium adsorption ratio–exchangeable sodium percentage relationships in a high potassium saline-sodic soil. Irrigation Science 5, 173–179.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Schofield RK (1947) A ratio law governing the equilibrium of cations in soil solutions. Proceedings 11th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, 257–261.

Shainberg I, Letey J (1984) Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions. Hilgardia 52, 1–57.

Smiles DE (2006) Sodium and potassium in soils of the Murray–Darling Basin: a note. Australian Journal of Soil Research 44, 727–730.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Smiles D, Smith C (2004) A survey of the cation content of piggery effluents and some consequences of their use to irrigate soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 42, 231–246.
| CrossRef |

Sposito G (2008) ‘The chemistry of soils.’ (Oxford University Press: New York)

Subba Rao A, Rao CS (1996) ‘Potassium status and crop response to potassium on the soils of agro-ecological regions of India.’ IPI Research Topics No. 20. pp. 1–57. (International Potash Institute: Basel, Switzerland)

Tisdall JM, Oades JM (1982) Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils. Journal of Soil Science 33, 141–163.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff Method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37, 29–38.
| CrossRef | CAS |

Subscriber Login

	Username: Password:

Legal & Privacy | Contact Us | Help