These notes are restricted to those geochemical methods which have been used to quantify rates of groundwater recharge. There have been two main approaches. The first involves the use of mass balances and mixing cell models, mainly using conservative (non-reacting) dissolved species. The methods range in complexity from simple back-of-the-envelope calculations (zero-dimensional chloride mass balance), to complex three-dimensional computer models. The second approach seeks to estimate the age or residence time of the groundwater by measuring compounds which are radioactive, or whose input to the aquifer has been changing over time (chlorofluorocarbons).
In this report, the methodology and case examples are described. References to further information on the techniques are also provided.
Indicators of Recharge Processes
Introduction
Fractionation
The Meteoric Water Line
Applications
Mass Balance and Mixing Cell Methods
Introduction
Chloride Mass Balance
Mixing Cell Models
Groundwater Dating Methods and Event Markers
Introduction
Groundwater Age Distributions in Generic Aquifers
Tritium and Chlorine-36
Carbon-14
Chlorofluorocarbons
Sampling Strategies
Preferential Flow and Fractured Rock
References
Landholders, integrated catchment management groups, landcare groups, extension officers, hydrologists, agronomists, hydrogeologists, local government engineers and planners, soil and agricultural scientists, academics and students.
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