A white mutant of Malay apple fruit (Syzygium malaccense) lacks transcript expression and activity for the last enzyme of anthocyanin synthesis, and the normal expression of a MYB transcription factor
Panumas Kotepong A D , Saichol Ketsa A B E and Wouter G. van Doorn C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
B Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
C Mann Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
D Present address: Postharvest and Processing Product Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
E Corresponding author. Email: agrsck@ku.ac.th
Functional Plant Biology 38(1) 75-86 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10164
Submitted: 12 August 2010 Accepted: 20 October 2010 Published: 17 December 2010
Abstract
The fruit skin of the mature Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) is initially glossy red, then changes to purple. A mutant having mature fruits with white skin has been identified. The skin of wild-type fruit contained five glucose-based anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside accounted for a large proportion of the total anthocyanin content. The accumulation cyanidin-3-O-glucoside during fruit maturation was correlated with increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and UDPglucose : flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GlucT, F3GT). In the wild-type fruit skin, transcripts of seven genes that encode enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were detected. No anthocyanins were found in the white mutant fruit skin. The skin of the white mutant fruit contained transcripts of all seven genes identified, except F3GT. It also showed no F3GT activity. The data indicate that the lack of anthocyanins in the mutant is due to lack of F3GT expression. In addition, the transcript of a MYB transcription factor, highly homologous to three Arabidopsis MYBs involved in anthocyanin synthesis, was virtually absent in the mutant but very high in the wild-type fruit. It is suggested that the lack of MYB expression is part of the cause of the lack of F3GT expression and anthocyanin synthesis during fruit maturation.
Additional keywords: anthocyanin biosynthesis, gene expression.
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