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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 32(8)

Rabbit warren distribution in relation to pasture communities in Mediterranean habitats: consequences for management of rabbit populations

G. Gea-Izquierdo A B , J. Muñoz-Igualada A and A. San Miguel-Ayanz A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Departamento de Silvopascicultura, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

B Corresponding author. Email: guigeiz@inia.es

Wildlife Research 32(8) 723-731 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR04129
Submitted: 8 December 2004  Accepted: 22 September 2005   Published: 20 December 2005

Abstract

Iberian wild rabbit numbers have decreased in the last decades. The management implemented to recover rabbit populations includes several techniques, one of the most common being the construction of artificial rabbit warrens. To optimally distribute the artificial warrens in the field it is essential to understand natural warren microhabitat. Few studies have investigated the relationship between rabbits and grassland communities. In this work we study the spatial distribution and characteristics of rabbit warrens as well as their relation to grasslands in Mediterranean woodlands of central Spain. During the summer of 2001, three 12.5-ha study plots, including the most representative grassland communities of the area, were selected. All rabbit warrens were surveyed and the active and total entrances, shrub cover, grassland community and warren cover type were characterised. A grassland community selection index was calculated and the warren spatial distribution analysed. Ploughed lands and shallow soils were unsuitable for warren establishment. The mean number of burrow entrances per warren was 5.8 (4.4 active), and warren clustering occurred only in ploughed plots. However, pasture communities composed of annual and perennial species growing on unploughed deep sandy soils were preferentially selected. Most warrens (81.4%) were dug under some kind of protection such as shrub roots and rocks. According to our results, when designing rabbit restocking programs that include the provision of artificial warrens, unploughed deep soils with plenty of shrubs and rocks should be preferentially selected to locate the artificial warrens, which should be spaced so there are ~10 warrens per hectare and ~5–6 burrow entrances per warren.


Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Finat family for their altruism in allowing us to work in their estate and the CBD-Habitat Foundation for their support. Special thanks go to Dr Greg Mutze, Dr C. Calvete and Dr J. San Miguel for their extremely valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript, and Dr J. Solana for statistical assessment. We are indebted to S. Mancebo and the Department of Topography of the ETSI Montes for lending us the GPS devices.


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