Copper Sulfate Causes Greater Toxicity and Growth Inhibition in Grape Seedling Compared to Copper Chloride in Different Vineyard Soils

Okbagaber Andom; Ajigul Mamut; Xueqi Guo; Bai Wenbo; Yohannes Kebede; S K Gregory Zackariah; Komlanvi Jacob MANEH; Qingjie Li; Zhaojun Li; Jian-Quan Huang

Just Accepted

This article has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication. It is in production and has not been edited, so may differ from the final published form.

Copper Sulfate Causes Greater Toxicity and Growth Inhibition in Grape Seedling Compared to Copper Chloride in Different Vineyard Soils

Okbagaber Andom , Ajigul Mamut, Xueqi Guo, Bai Wenbo, Yohannes Kebede, S K Gregory Zackariah, Komlanvi Jacob MANEH, Qingjie Li, Zhaojun Li , Jian-Quan Huang

Abstract

Context: Understanding copper (Cu) toxicity and distribution is crucial for mitigating its accumulation in vineyards and ensuring safe grape production. Aim: This study investigated the dynamics and stability of Cu forms and the effects on grape growth through a 112-days incubation pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Method: Exogenous Cu was applied at three concentrations: Control (0), low (1.5× CuCl1, CuSO1), and high (3× CuCl2, CuSO2) the Chinese national screening values (GB15618-2018) in two vineyard soils in China. After 112-days aging, uniform grape seedlings were transplanted into experimental pots. Key results: The stability of exogenous Cu was mainly affected by soil type and Cu salt. In red soil, Cu was predominantly found in the acid-soluble fraction, reaching a peak of 86.67% under CuSO2., Black soil showed a balanced distribution, with 47.71% in acid-soluble and 51.675% reducible fractions. CuSO2 lowered soil pH by 20.95% (5.47 to 4.32) in red soil and 7.49% (7.33 to 6.78) in black soil. Structural equation modeling revealed that Cu distribution was affected by total Cu, organic matter, and pH. Low Cu concentrations promoted grape seedling growth in black soil, while high concentrations inhibited growth in red soil, peaking at 77.45% inhibition under CuSO2. Conclusion: This study reveals that exogenous Cu stability in vineyard soils is strongly influenced by soil type and type of Cu salt applied, affecting grape seedling growth and highlights the need for targeted remediation strategies. Implications: This study establishes a robust scientific foundation for managing Cu contamination in vineyard soils and guides future research.

SR25007 Accepted 17 July 2025