
%0 Journal Article
%A Happer, DAR 
%A Steenson, BE 
%T The Determination of Substituent Effects by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. The Effect of Solvent on CH<sub>2</sub>X Groups
%J Australian Journal of Chemistry
%D 1985/02/01
%V 38
%N 2
%P 337-342
%K 
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9850337
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/CH9850337 
%X A previous study of the effect of meta- and para-CH2X substituents on the 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts of the &#945; and &#946; side-chain carbons of &#946;- methoxycarbonylstyrenes (methyl cinnamates ) in ethanol has been extended to cover five additional solvents (Me2SO, Me2CO, CDCl3, CCl4 and C6H6). The results support the earlier claim that, for most substituents , the magnitudes of the substituent -induced shifts are proportional to the inductive effect of X. The major contributor to the latter appears to be the field effect generated by the C-X dipole, with the lines of force passing mainly through the molecule. In non-polar solvents, however, there is evidence that lines of force passing directly through the solvent can also influence the shifts in both the meta and para series. 
