
%0 Journal Article
%A Klimov, Vyacheslav V. 
%A Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I. 
%A Nishiyama, Yoshitaka 
%A Khorobrykh, Andrei A.  
%A Murata, Norio 
%T Stabilization of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II by bicarbonate and glycinebetaine in thylakoid and subthylakoid preparations
%J Functional Plant Biology
%D 2003/08/08
%V 30
%N 7
%P 797-803
%K bicarbonate, glycinebetaine, photosystem II, thermostability, water-oxidizing complex.
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/FP03068
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/FP03068 
%X The protective effect of 1 M glycinebetaine on thermal inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in isolated photosystem II membrane fragments from spinach is observed in CO2-free medium in both the presence and absence of added 2 mM bicarbonate. Conversely, the protective effect of 2 mM bicarbonate against thermoinactivation is seen in the absence as well as in the presence of 1 M glycinebetaine. The stabilizing effect of bicarbonate is also observed in thylakoid membranes from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 treated with 0.1% Triton X-100, and in unbroken spinach thylakoids. It is shown for the first time that bicarbonate protects the water-oxidizing complex against inactivation induced by pre-incubation of photosystem II membrane fragments (25&#176;C) and thylakoids (40&#176;C) at low pH (5.0&#8211;5.5) in non-bicarbonate-depleted medium. We conclude that the protective effects of glycinebetaine and bicarbonate are of a different nature; glycinebetaine acts as a non-specific, compatible, zwitterionic osmolyte while bicarbonate is considered an essential constituent of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II, important for its functioning and stabilization. 
