
%0 Journal Article
%A Tong, Lennard J. 
%A Moss, Graeme A. 
%A Pickering, Timothy D. 
%A Paewai, Megan P. 
%T Temperature effects on embryo and early larval development of the spiny lobster <emph type="2">Jasus edwardsii</emph>, and description of a method to predict larval hatch times
%J Marine and Freshwater Research
%D 2000/03/24
%V 51
%N 3
%P 243-248
%K embryo development, eye index
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/MF99049
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MF99049 
%X Ovigerous spiny lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) with known egg extrusion dates were held at four temperatures and embryo development was monitored at weekly intervals. Times to hatch were approximately 65 days, 95 days, 155 days and 163 days at 18&#x02DA;C, 15&#x02DA;C, 12&#x02DA;C and ambient temperatures (9&#8211;14&#x02DA;C) respectively. For the embryos, the appearance of the median eye, the eyes and the chromatophores, and an eye index, were used to calculate the biological zero, i.e. the theoretical temperature at which development ceases, which, for J. edwardsii, was 7.53&#x02DA;C. A formula based on the eye index was then derived to predict time to hatch at a range of temperatures using the cumulative difference between the rearing temperature and the biological zero. Data were also collected on the time between females moulting and mating, the total number of larvae successfully hatched for a range of female sizes and Stage I phyllosoma larval size in relation to the embryo-rearing temperature. 
