
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Morrisey, DJ 
A1  - Stark, JS 
A1  - Howitt, L 
A1  - Underwood, AJ 
T1  - Spatial variation in concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments
JF  - Marine and Freshwater Research
JO  - Mar. Freshwater Res.
Y1  - 1994
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
SP  - 177
EP  - 184
KW  - 
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9940177 
N2  - Spatial variation in the distribution of copper, lead and zinc in sediments in Botany Bay, Australia, is described. Sampling was done according to a nested, hierarchical design, and variation was detected at spatial scales from 10 m to several kilometres. In studies where the design of sampling is inadequate, the existence of variation at small spatial scales will confound comparisons at larger scales. Adequate replication at different scales, necessary to avoid confounding, has rarely been done in published studies. Implications of 'patchiness' for environmental sampling and monitoring, and the means of overcoming associated problems, are discussed. 
ER  -

