
%0 Journal Article
%A Battley, Phil F. 
%A Rogers, Danny I. 
%A Piersma, Theunis 
%A Koolhaas, Anita 
%T Behavioural evidence for heat-load problems in Great Knots in tropical Australia fuelling for long-distance flight
%J Emu
%D 2003/06/30
%V 103
%N 2
%P 97-103
%K 
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/MU02017
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU02017 
%X Migratory shorebirds that live in the tropics prior to embarking on long (&#62;5000 km) flights may face heat-load problems. The behaviour of a large sandpiper, the Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris), was studied in Roebuck Bay, north-west Australia, from February to April 2000. We determined the incidence of heat-reduction behaviour in foraging and roosting birds in relation to breeding-plumage score (an index of migratory preparation) and microclimate variables. Heat-reduction behaviour (primarily raising the back feathers) was significantly related to breeding-plumage score and solar radiation. Raising back feathers may reduce the external heat load for a bird, or increase convective or cutaneous evaporative cooling. The results suggest that managing heat loads in tropical-wintering waders may become more difficult close to departure on migration. 
