
%0 Journal Article
%A Saha, S. 
%A Suzuki, T. 
%T Vitrication of <emph type="2">in vitro</emph> produced bovine embryos at different ages using one- and three-step addition of cryoprotective additives
%J Reproduction, Fertility and Development
%D 1998/04/23
%V 9
%N 7
%P 741-746
%K one-step addition, stepwise addition.
%R https://doi.org/10.1071/R97024
%U https://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/R97024 
%X The effect of embryo age on development and ratio of live : dead cells after vitrication and warming was examined. One-step and three-step addition of cryoprotectants in vitrification solution (40% ethylene glycol, 0&#183;3 M trehalose and 12% polyvinylpyrrolidone) were compared usingin vitro produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts and expanded blastocysts. Rates of development and hatching were 74 &#183;2% and 41&#183; 9% for Day 7, 57&#183;8% and 23&#183; 8% for Day 8, 33&#183; 7% and 6&#183;1% for Day 9 embryos with one-step addition. In three-step addition, those rates were 86&#183;2% and 77&#183;3% for Day 7, 72&#183;3% and 39&#183;0% for Day 8, 47&#183;3% and 10&#183;5% for Day 9 embryos. Day 7 embryos showed highest (P &#60; 0&#183;01) development and hatching rates with one exception. Hatching rate of Day 7 embryos with three-step addition was higher (P &#60; 0&#183;01) than with one-step addition. The ratio of live : dead cells differed between one-step (94%) and three-step (97%) additions for Day 7 embryos (P &#60; 0&#183; 05). The results indicate the higher resistance of younger IVP bovine embryos against vitrication and the potential for three-step addition of cryoprotectants to yield a higher survival rate after warming than with one-step addition. 
